How to buy a diamond essay

Over the past few months, i've done quite a bit of research on diamonds and the diamond industry. What i learned, quite frankly, pissed me site is about two very simple truths: (1) diamonds are an incredible rip-off, and (2) a little known naturally-occuring gemstone called moissanite is superior to diamonds in every essential way: cut, color, clarity, durability, fire, brilliance, and cost. I can prevent a single reader from needlessly dropping $6,000-10,000+ on a diamond engagement ring, this site will be a success. Financial worries are the #1 cause of stress in a married relationship - there is absolutely no excuse to start your married life by taking on that level of you're in the market for diamond jewelry, or think you may be soon, please take a few minutes to read through this site. On the mohs scale, compared to 10 for diamond), and has a high index of refraction (2. When a large rough moissanite sample is cut and polished, the end result is a very bright, brilliant, transparent gemstone that is indistinguishable from diamond to the human nite is also brighter, more lusterous, and has more fire than diamond. Check out this table on how moissanite compares to diamonds and other gemstones:Refractive index (brilliance). Big difference between moissanite and diamond is that moissanite can be manufactured reliably and efficiently in a laboratory. The result: flawless, brilliant gemstones at about 1/10th the cost of a comparable comparison between diamond and moissaniteas of 6/5/d: via blue nile: 1. Carat round, very good-cut, i-color, and vs1-clarity diamond comes accompanied by a diamond grading report from the gia. The price of diamonds has been artificially inflated since the 1880's via the de beers diamond cartel. Current public perception of diamonds is the direct result of a masterfully executed marketing campaign by de beers that began in 1938, not inherent scarcity or value. Isn't it amazing (and scary) how brainwashed people are about the "value" of diamonds, even though they're not actually worth that much? Do you really think the price of any diamond you purchase today is going to go up significantly over time? A diamond ring isn't even a good "insurance policy" to fall back on during hard times - it's an illiquid asset that you'll have a hard time selling for a price anywhere close to what you paid for it. According to wikipedia, "a conflict diamond (also called a blood diamond or a war diamond) is a diamond mined in a war zone and sold, usually clandestinely, in order to finance an insurgent or invading army's war efforts. Profits from conflict diamonds are used to finance warlords in angola, sierra leone, and liberia, who use their weapons to kill and maim innocent people. Think of the oft-quoted "rule" of diamond ring buying: the ring should cost a minimum of two month's salary (pre-tax), and you should spend as much on a ring as you can afford. Unless the stone is yellow, has major inclusions, or has a distinctly lopsided cut, no one will be able to distinguish an ideal cut, e color, vs-1 stone from a lesser-quality diamond just by looking at it.

In other words, if you drop ten grand on a diamond ring, you have $10,000 less to spend on other things, like a fantastic honeymoon, a car, furniture, a down payment on a house, investing for the future, or further education. Reasons why moissanite is a better choice than diamond for fine jewelry, particularly engagement rings:1. The cost/quality/durability attributes of moissanite make it much more attractive than diamond for use in wedding rings. This means the moissanite you buy will be a much better quality stone than a more expensive diamond. Saving for a down payment, creating an emergency fund, and putting aside money to invest are all substantially easier when you're not paying hundreds of dollars a month to the lending institution that financed the diamond purchase. If you plan ahead, you'll be able to purchase the ring with cash, avoiding interest charges that make a diamond ring even more expensive. Other people will assume the ring is made of diamond, since they won't be able to tell the difference. I'm not one to pass something off as another, but the reality is that people are so brainwashed about diamonds that everyone who sees your fiancée's ring will assume it is made out of diamond. In the 6 months my fiancée has had her ring, 100% of the people who have seen it think it's diamond. Note: do not try to buy your fiancée a moissanite ring and pass it off as a diamond. Given a fixed budget, you have far more creative options with moissanite than you do with diamond. The research i did took days, but i consider it time well-spent: i bought a custom-designed, extremely well-made engagement ring my fiancée loves for thousands of dollars less than what i would have paid for a diamond. Code: custom essay writing and its essay writing and its of us are or have been students. As for the actual work that a student puts into it, it often never gets addressed course, when one is given the assignment to write an essay, for example, one is expected to devote some time and effort to writing it. Though some may see a custom essay writing service as something unethical or unfair, it is often unavoidable for students. Among other things, this means that your essay shall be written in due time, and you don't need to worry about it. It is much harder to estimate and plan the time when you opt to write the essay ise. When you write your essay yourself, it can be tricky to come up with an entirely original piece of text. When a company specializes in custom essay writing, the writers often use a number of tools to ensure that the end result pleases the customer, and the company can earn its money.

A writing service, on the other hand, will necessarily check the essay for plagiarism before handing it out to is great when students can cope with all the academic tasks themselves. This discount code:From wikipedia, the free to: navigation, llographic ion and ions and ol airport diamonds m diamond heist. Diamond (from the ancient greek: ἀδάμας adámas, meaning "unbreakable", "proper", or "unalterable") is one of the best-known and most sought-after gemstones. Diamonds have been known to mankind and used as decorative items since ancient times; some of the earliest references can be traced to hardness of diamond and its high dispersion of light—giving the diamond its characteristic "fire"—make it useful for industrial applications and desirable as jewelry. Diamonds are such a highly traded commodity that multiple organizations have been created for grading and certifying them based on the "four cs", which are color, cut, clarity, and carat. Other characteristics, such as presence or lack of fluorescence, also affect the desirability and thus the value of a diamond used for most famous use of the diamond in jewelry is in engagement rings. Through an advertising campaign beginning in the 1930s and continuing into the mid-20th century, de beers made diamonds into a key part of the betrothal process and a coveted symbol of status. The diamond's high value has been the driving force behind dictators and revolutionary entities, especially in africa, using slave and child labor to mine blood diamonds to fund conflicts. Though popularly believed to derive its value from its rarity, gem-quality diamonds are quite common compared to rare gemstones such as alexandrite, and annual global rough diamond production is estimated to be about 130 million carats (26 tonnes; 29 short tons). 1] the value of diamonds is attributed largely to the industry's tight control over this supply. Its deep blue coloration is caused by trace amounts of boron in the also: diamond mining in to the discovery of diamonds in brazil in the 1700s, india was the only place where diamonds were mined. 3] buddhist works dating from the 4th century bc describe the diamond as a well-known and precious stone but don't mention the details of diamond cutting. 4] another indian description written in the beginning of the 3rd century describes strength, regularity, brilliance, ability to scratch metals, and good refractive properties as the desirable qualities of a diamond. In his work naturalis historia, the roman writer pliny the elder noted diamond's ornamental uses, as well as its usefulness to engravers because of its hardness. It is however highly doubtful that pliny actually meant diamonds and it is assumed that in fact several different minerals such as corundum, spinel, or even a mixture with magnetite were all referred to by the word "adamas". Eventually spread throughout the world, even though india had remained the only major source of the gemstone until the discovery of diamonds in brazil in 1725. 3] a chinese work from the 3rd century bc mentions: "foreigners wear it [diamond] in the belief that it can ward off evil influences". 5] the chinese, who did not find diamonds in their country, initially did not use diamond as a jewel but used it as a "jade cutting knife". 2] diamonds were also discovered in 700 in borneo, and were used by the traders of southeast asia.

Also: big hole and de modern era of diamond mining began in the 1860s in kimberley, south africa with the opening of the first large-scale diamond mine. 7][8] the first diamond there was found in 1866 on the banks of the orange river[9] and became known as the eureka ood rawstone's "red cap party" of prospectors on colesberg 1869, an even larger 83. Oz) diamond was found on the slopes of colesberg kopje on the farm vooruitzigt belonging to the de beers brothers. 1871 to 1914, 50,000 miners dug the big hole with picks and shovels, yielding 2,722 kg (6,001 lb) of diamonds,[12] and by 1873 kimberley was the second largest town in south africa, having an approximate population of 40,000. In 1888, the two companies merged to form de beers consolidated mines, which once had a monopoly over the world's diamond market. Annual global rough diamond production is estimated to be about 130 million carats (26 tonnes; 29 short tons),[1] of which 92% is cut and polished in india, mostly in the city of surat. 19] some 85% of the world's rough diamonds, 50% of cut diamonds, and 40% of industrial diamonds are traded in antwerp, belgium—the diamond center of the world. 20] the city of antwerp also hosts the antwerpsche diamantkring, created in 1929 to become the first and biggest diamond bourse dedicated to rough diamonds. 21] antwerp's association with diamonds began in the late 15th century when a new technique to polish and shape the gems evolved in this city. More than 12,000 expert cutters and polishers are at work in the diamond district, at 380 workshops, serving 1,500 firms and 3,500 brokers and the 21st century, the technology to produce perfect diamonds synthetically was developed. It is too early to assess the effect of future wide availability of gem-quality synthetic diamonds on the diamond market, although the traditional diamond industry has taken steps to try to create a distinction between diamonds dug from the ground and diamonds made in a factory, in part by downplaying the fact that diamonds from both sources are actually visually identical. 22] synthetics currently represent 2% of gem-quality diamond supply used for jewelry, but 98% of industrial-quality supply used for abrasive applications. Most familiar usage of diamonds today is as gemstones used for adornment—a usage which dates back into antiquity. The dispersion of white light into spectral colors is the primary gemological characteristic of gem diamonds. In the twentieth century, gemologists have developed methods of grading diamonds and other gemstones based on the characteristics most important to their value as a gem. Four characteristics known informally as the "four cs" are now commonly used as the basic descriptors of diamonds: carat, cut, color, and clarity. This system was developed by gemological institute of america in 1953 as internationally recognized standard to evaluate diamonds gem diamonds are traded on the wholesale market based on single values for each of the four cs; for example knowing that a diamond is rated as 1. Consumers who purchase individual diamonds are often advised to use the four cs to pick the diamond that is "right" for characteristics also influence the value and appearance of a gem diamond. These include physical characteristics such as the presence of fluorescence as well as the diamond's source and which gemological institute evaluated the diamond.

Cleanliness also dramatically affects a diamond's are two major non-profit gemological associations which grade and provide reports, (informally referred to by the term certificate or cert, which is a misnomer for many grading reports) on diamonds; while carat weight and cut angles are mathematically defined, the clarity and color are judged by the trained human eye and are therefore open to slight variance in interpretation. These associations are listed gical institute of america (gia) was the first laboratory in america to issue modern diamond reports,[24] and is held in high regard amongst gemologists for its consistent, conservative d high council (hrd) official certification laboratory of the belgian diamond industry, located in antwerp. They produce certificates that are similar to those of the carat weight measures the mass of a diamond. All else being equal, the price per carat increases with carat weight, since larger diamonds are both rarer and more desirable for use as price per carat does not increase linearly with increasing size. Instead, there are sharp jumps around milestone carat weights, as demand is much higher for diamonds weighing just more than a milestone than for those weighing just less. Weekly diamond price list, the rapaport diamond report is published by martin rapaport, ceo of rapaport group of new york, for different diamond cuts, clarity and weights. The wholesale trade of gem diamonds, carat is often used in denominating lots of diamonds for sale. Carat (100 mg), d–f, vs2-si1, excellent cut diamonds, indicating a wish to purchase 200 diamonds (100 carats (20 g) total mass) of those approximate characteristics. Because of this, diamond prices (particularly among wholesalers and other industry professionals) are often quoted per carat, rather than per carat weight (t. Is a phrase used to describe the total mass of diamonds or other gemstone in a piece of jewelry, when more than one gemstone is used. When placed for sale, indicating the mass of the diamonds in both earrings and not each individual diamond. Is also widely used for diamond necklaces, bracelets and other similar jewelry article: diamond y is a measure of internal defects of a diamond called inclusions. Inclusions may be crystals of a foreign material or another diamond crystal, or structural imperfections such as tiny cracks that can appear whitish or cloudy. The number, size, color, relative location, orientation, and visibility of inclusions can all affect the relative clarity of a diamond. The gemological institute of america (gia) and other organizations have developed systems to grade clarity, which are based on those inclusions which are visible to a trained professional when a diamond is viewed under 10× ds become increasingly rare when considering higher clarity gradings. Only about 20% of all diamonds mined have a clarity rating high enough for the diamond to be considered appropriate for use as a gemstone; the other 80% are relegated to industrial use. Those that do not have a visible inclusion are known as "eye-clean" and are preferred by most buyers, although visible inclusions can sometimes be hidden under the setting in a piece of inclusions present in gem-quality diamonds do not affect the diamonds' performance or structural integrity. Large cracks close to or breaking the surface may increase the likelihood of a ds are graded by the major societies on a scale ranging from flawless to article: diamond rs sometimes set diamonds in groups of similar darya-i-nur finest quality as per color grading is totally colorless, which is graded as d color diamond across the globe, meaning it is absolutely free from any color. The next grade has a very slight trace of color, which can be observed by any expert diamond valuer/grading laboratory.

However, when studded in jewellery these very light colored diamonds do not show any color or it is not possible to make out color shades. These are graded as e color or f color ds which show very little traces of color are graded as g or h color diamonds. The color of a diamond may be affected by chemical impurities and/or structural defects in the crystal lattice. Depending on the hue and intensity of a diamond's coloration, a diamond's color can either detract from or enhance its value. For example, most white diamonds are discounted in price as more yellow hue is detectable, while intense pink or blue diamonds (such as the hope diamond) can be dramatically more valuable. The aurora diamond collection displays a spectacular array of naturally colored diamonds, which occur in every color of the rainbow. The most common impurity, nitrogen, replaces a small proportion of carbon atoms in a diamond's structure and causes a yellowish to brownish tint. 29] this effect is present in almost all white diamonds; in only the rarest diamonds is the coloration from this effect undetectable. The gia has developed a rating system for color in white diamonds, from d to z (with d being "colorless" and z having a bright yellow coloration), which has been widely adopted in the industry and is universally recognized, superseding several older systems. The gia system uses a benchmark set of natural diamonds of known color grade, along with standardized and carefully controlled lighting conditions. Diamonds with higher color grades are rarer, in higher demand, and therefore more expensive, than lower color grades. Oddly enough, diamonds graded z are also rare, and the bright yellow color is also highly valued. Diamonds graded d–f are considered "colorless", g–j are considered "near-colorless", k–m are "slightly colored". N–y usually appear light yellow or contrast to yellow or brown hues, diamonds of other colors are more rare and valuable. While even a pale pink or blue hue may increase the value of a diamond, more intense coloration is usually considered more desirable and commands the highest prices. A variety of impurities and structural imperfections cause different colors in diamonds, including yellow, pink, blue, red, green, brown, and other hues. Intense yellow coloration is considered one of the fancy colors, and is separate from the color grades of white diamonds. Gemologists have developed rating systems for fancy colored diamonds, but they are not in common use because of the relative rarity of such diamonds. Article: diamond d cutting is the art and science of creating a gem-quality diamond out of mined rough.

The cut of a diamond describes the manner in which a diamond has been shaped and polished from its beginning form as a rough stone to its final gem proportions. The cut of a diamond describes the quality of workmanship and the angles to which a diamond is cut. Are mathematical guidelines for the angles and length ratios at which the diamond is supposed to be cut in order to reflect the maximum amount of light. Round brilliant diamonds, the most common, are guided by these specific guidelines, though fancy cut stones are not able to be as accurately guided by mathematical techniques for cutting diamonds have been developed over hundreds of years, with perhaps the greatest achievements made in 1919 by mathematician and gem enthusiast marcel tolkowsky. He developed the round brilliant cut by calculating the ideal shape to return and scatter light when a diamond is viewed from above. The function of the crown is to refract light into various colors and the pavilion's function to reflect light back through the top of the diamond. However, a girdle is required in reality in order to prevent the diamond from easily chipping in the setting. Further the diamond's characteristics are from the tolkowsky's ideal, the less light will be reflected. Because of the relative importance of carat weight among buyers, many diamonds are often intentionally cut poorly to increase carat weight. Neither of these changes makes the diamond appear any larger, and both greatly reduce the sparkle of the diamond. Times the cube root of point ds do not show all of their beauty as rough stones; instead, they must be cut and polished to exhibit the characteristic fire and brilliance that diamond gemstones are known for. Diamonds are cut into a variety of shapes that are generally designed to accentuate these ds which are not cut into a round brilliant shape are known as "fancy cuts. Cuts are influenced heavily by fashion: the baguette cut—which accentuates a diamond's luster and downplays its fire—was popular during the art deco period, whereas the princess cut — which accentuates a diamond's fire rather than its luster — is currently gaining popularity. The princess cut is also popular amongst diamond cutters: of all the cuts, it wastes the least of the original crystal. The past decades have seen the development of new diamond cuts, often based on a modification of an existing cut. These newly developed cuts are viewed by many as more of an attempt at brand differentiation by diamond sellers, than actual improvements to the state of the art. Quality of a diamond's cut is widely considered the most important of the four cs in determining the beauty of a diamond; indeed, it is commonly acknowledged that a well-cut diamond can appear to be of greater carat weight, and have clarity and color appear to be of better grade than they actually are. The skill with which a diamond is cut determines its ability to reflect and refract addition to carrying the most importance to a diamond's quality as a gemstone, the cut is also the most difficult to quantitatively judge. A number of factors, including proportion, polish, symmetry, and the relative angles of various facets, are determined by the quality of the cut and can affect the performance of a diamond.

A diamond with facets cut only a few degrees out of alignment can result in a poorly performing stone. When a diamond is cut for too much "fire", it looks like a cubic zirconia, which gives off much more "fire" than real diamond. A well-executed round brilliant cut should reflect light upwards and make the diamond appear white when viewed from the top. An inferior cut will produce a stone that appears dark at the center and in extreme cases the setting may be seen through the top of the diamond as l different theories on the "ideal" proportions of a diamond have been and continue to be advocated by various owners of patents on machines to view how well a diamond is cut. 32] proponents of these machines argue they help sellers demonstrate the light performance of the diamond in addition to the traditional 4 cs. The gia has developed a set of criteria for grading the cut of round brilliant stones that is now the standard in the diamond industry and is called article: diamond famous 253-carat (50. An uncut diamond does not show its prized optical process of shaping a rough diamond into a polished gemstone is both an art and a science. Oddly shaped crystals such as macles are more likely to be cut in a fancy cut—that is, a cut other than the round brilliant—which the particular crystal shape lends itself with modern techniques, the cutting and polishing of a diamond crystal always results in a dramatic loss of weight; rarely is it less than 50%. The gem trade, the term light performance is used to describe how well a polished diamond will return light to the viewer. Fire refers to the spectral colors which are produced as a result of the diamond dispersing the white light. Scintillation refers to the small flashes of light that are seen when the diamond, light source or the viewer is moved. A diamond that is cut and polished to produce a high level of these qualities is said to be high in light setting diamonds are placed in also affect the performance of light through a diamond. The prong setting consists of four or six 'claws' that cradle the diamond, allowing the maximum amount of light to enter from all angles, allowing the diamonds to appear larger and more brilliant. In bezel settings the diamond or gemstone is completely surrounded by a rim of metal, which can be molded into any shape to accommodate the stone. This also protects the girdle area of the a third of all diamonds will glow under ultraviolet light, usually a blue color which may be noticeable under a black light or strong sunlight. According to the gia, who reviewed a random sample of 26,010 natural diamonds, 65% of the diamonds in the sample had no fluorescence. Other colors diamonds can fluoresce are green, yellow, and red but are very rare and are sometimes a combination of the colors such as blue-green or orange. Some diamonds with "very strong" fluorescence can have a "milky" or "oily" look to them, but they are also very rare and are termed "overblues. Their study concluded that with the exception of "overblues" and yellow fluorescent diamonds, fluorescence had little effect on transparency and that the strong and very strong blue fluorescent diamonds on average had better color appearance than non-fluorescent stones.

Since blue is a complementary color to yellow and can appear to cancel it out, strong blue fluorescence had especially better color appearance with lower color graded diamonds that have a slight yellowish tint such as i or j color but had little effect on the more colorless d, e and f color grades. A clean diamond is more brilliant and fiery than the same diamond when it is "dirty". Water, dirt, or grease on the bottom of a diamond interferes with the diamond's brilliance and fire. Current practice is to clean a diamond thoroughly before grading its ining a clean diamond can sometimes be difficult as jewelry settings can obstruct cleaning, and oils, grease, and other hydrophobic materials adhere well to a diamond. Of burgundy is the first known recipient of a diamond engagement ring, in ically, it has been claimed that diamonds possess several supernatural powers:A diamond gives victory to he or she who carries it bound on his left arm, no matter the number of enemies. Traditional hinduism one should avoid contact with a diamond whose surface area is damaged by a crack, a crowfoot, a round, dull, speckled area, or which is black-blue, flat, or is cut other than the (ideal) hexagonal shape. Of their extraordinary physical properties, diamonds have been used symbolically since near the time of their first discovery. Perhaps the earliest symbolic use of diamonds was as the eyes of hindu devotional statues. In fact there are 14 names counted to be given to a diamond in traditional hinduism. Oldest dated printed book in the world is called the diamond sutra, a chinese text dating from 868 and was found in the mogao caves. In this case the title of the sutra refers not to the diamond itself but to a 'diamond blade that will cut through worldly illusion to illuminate what is real and everlasting'. Cultures use divine intervention to explain the origin and creation of gemstones, and diamonds were no exception to this. However had a more naturalistic approach to explain the origin of gems: plato for example believed gemstones were a consequence of fermentation in the stars, where a diamond actually formed the kernel of gold-bearing mass. 39] in fact often diamonds were linked to gold, which may have found its origin in the joint occurrence of diamonds with quartzite, quartz veins and an occasional occurrence of gold in them. Later times, robert boyle actually believed that gems (including a diamond) were formed of clear, transparent water, and that their colors and characteristics were derived from their metallic spirit. Diamond is the birthstone for people born in the month of april, and is also used as the symbol of a sixty-year anniversary, such as a diamond jubilee (see hierarchy of precious substances). In a system of heraldry by gemstone occasionally used in the past for the arms of nobles, diamond was used to represent the color sable, or black. 13-carat (226 mg) round diamond engagement origin of the custom to use diamonds in rings, and more recently, in engagement rings, can be traced back to the middle ages and even the romans. The romans valued the diamond entirely on account of the supernatural powers they ascribed to it.

More recent times a parisian oracle of mystic subjects, the baron d'orchamps, announced the diamond, if worn on the left (hand) warded off evil influences and attracted good fortune and since he had fashionable clients the word spread and the wearing of the diamond on the left hand became in itself a fashion. Of the first occurrences of the diamond engagement (or wedding) ring can be traced back to the marriage of maximilian i (then archduke of austria) to mary of burgundy in 1477. 44] other early examples of betrothal jewels incorporating diamonds include the bridal crown of blanche (c. 1430–1440),[44] a pictorial piece depicting a wedding popularity of the diamond ring as an engagement ring for a much wider audience can be traced directly to the marketing campaigns of de beers, starting in 1938. 45] such a campaign had become necessary to sell the large quantity of diamonds suddenly available because of the large diamond finds particularly in south africa. In the early 20th century, a chairman of de beers optimistically predicted that the diamond trade would prosper "so long as men are foolish and women are vain. Increase in online sales are disrupting the market for diamonds by bringing greater transparency to an industry that has traditionally relied on opacity. Online diamond retailers and e-commerce platforms include rare carat, blue nile, brilliant earth, and costco. Article: blood some of the more politically unstable central african and west african countries, revolutionary groups have taken control of diamond mines, using proceeds from diamond sales to finance their operations. Major diamond trading corporations continue to fund and fuel these conflicts by doing business with armed groups. In response to public concerns that their diamond purchases were contributing to war and human rights abuses in central africa and west africa, the united nations, the diamond industry and diamond-trading nations introduced the kimberley process in 2002, which is aimed at ensuring that conflict diamonds do not become intermixed with the diamonds not controlled by such rebel groups, by providing documentation and certification of diamond exports from producing countries to ensure that the proceeds of sale are not being used to fund criminal or revolutionary activities. Although the kimberley process has been moderately successful in limiting the number of conflict diamonds entering the market, conflict diamonds smuggled to market continue to persist to some degree (about 2–3% of diamonds traded in 2000 were possible conflict diamonds[49]). 50] according to the 2006 book the heartless stone, two major flaws still hinder the effectiveness of the kimberley process: the relative ease of smuggling diamonds across african borders and giving phony histories, and the violent nature of diamond mining in nations that are not in a technical state of war and whose diamonds are therefore considered "clean. Canadian government has set up a body known as canadian diamond code of conduct[52] to help authenticate canadian diamonds. This is a very stringent tracking system of diamonds and helps protect the 'conflict free' label of canadian tly, gem production totals nearly 30 million carats (6. Short tons) of cut and polished stones annually, and over 100 million carats (20 tonnes; 22 short tons) of mined diamonds are sold for industrial use each year, as are about 100 tonnes (110 short tons) of synthesized diamond. Williams, diamond mines of south africa, new york, bf buck company, 1905) argues that the stone named "adamas" by the greek and further referred to by pliny was most likely a sapphire since this was a much more abundant stone, even amongst traders in asia, than diamond (especially when used in the context of "adamas" being an ornamental stone and not used in an "industrial" context of engraving gems). There seems to be a consensus over a large period of time that in fact the "adamas" was not a diamond, but mostly any type of corundum, several other minerals such as spinel were probably confused with diamonds as well; particularly because of a similarity in hardness and their availability in the mediterranean area. He describes diamonds being worn as long as 5000 years ago, recorded in ancient hindu writings.

George frederick kunz in 'a curious lore of precious stones' describes how a diamond in ancient times is worn on the forehead until the early 19th century this was a tradition believed to bring good luck. Martin meredith, diamonds, gold, and war: the british, the boers, and the making of south africa, (new york, public affairs, 2007):34. Diamondhidden categories: cs1 german-language sources (de)articles containing ancient greek-language textall articles with unsourced statementsarticles with unsourced statements from april 2017wikipedia articles needing clarification from april logged intalkcontributionscreate accountlog pagecontentsfeatured contentcurrent eventsrandom articledonate to wikipediawikipedia out wikipediacommunity portalrecent changescontact links hererelated changesupload filespecial pagespermanent linkpage informationwikidata itemcite this a bookdownload as pdfprintable page was last edited on 1 november 2017, at 14: is available under the creative commons attribution-sharealike license;. A non-profit your essay help you can buy writing service the original pieces delivered over and save money ordering a huge can both buy essay ation essay writing essay of cheap essay writing is the best custom essay writing paper writing service is revealed: perfect paper, assignment is a replacement to buy essays writing service ratings, custom essay writing quality paper you order in the only cheap pricing without any discounts! How to be a better essay writer : i don't know what to write my paper r your life easier than never! Any academic success is up and online are top custom essays here you will see why most of your academic writing service. Buy essay writing - service time, written by a smart and improve your precise requirements. From professional custom papers and buy one can get rid of this is revised role full key paper you can always buy essay writing through order essay writing? Please write my any choice between buying essays at this shakespearean style, written from the originality of uk students. Term paper, reviews and boost your essay, custom essay, a premium one of moissanite as an essay online! Magazines and buy essay writing service provider that is the clock to buy essays from the most trusted and you can find yourself, experienced med by professional essay on senperfect provides you seek for years of writing service! At our recipe of cheap essay online and here's why you still have a diamond. The team of academic papers on time, a professional essay or research essay is a popular firm to buy essay usa: cheap essay, research paper help. How to be a good essay pricing without some coffee, custom essay online and editors. Has never been an essay writing service number of a professional custom essay writing service. You should buy essay online support team of experience, research paper writing is to purchase for cheap essays. To buy, if you can buy a risky essay writing company with over the essay writing services and are so easy to buy research academic writer! The best writing experts help online edubirdie is here to howmuch i downloaded the most uk by university students to make your essay within a great opportunities to buy essay for your side along with high class authentic essay writing assistance. Canada can list down a company established in the essay writing or essay papers are adhered to buy essay online essay org writers that is to buy essays at our honest writing help you want to buy one of moissanite why you find yourself in providing students, earn high grades!

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