Is stem cell research legal
Cell laws and policy in the united wikipedia, the free to: navigation, article: stem cell cell laws and policy in the united states have had a complicated legal and political history. 1] in humans there are many types of stem cells, each with varying levels of potency. Potency is a measure of a cell's differentiation potential, or the number of other cell types that can be made from that stem cell. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. These stem cells can differentiate into all other cells in the human body and are the subject of much scientific research. However, since they must be derived from early human embryos their production and use in research has been a hotly debated topic as the emt introduce new cells into adult bodies for possible treatment of cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders and other medical conditions. Pluripotent stem cells can also be derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer which is a laboratory technique where a clone embryo is created from a donor nucleus. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is also tightly regulated amongst various recently, the principal source of human embryonic stem cells has been donated embryos from fertility clinics. In january 2007, researchers at wake forest university reported that "stem cells drawn from amniotic fluid donated by pregnant women hold much of the same promise as embryonic stem cells. 2000, the nih, under the administration of president bill clinton, issued "guidelines that allow federal funding of embryonic stem-cell research. These developments prompted the federal government to create regulations barring the use of federal funds for research that experimented on human embryos. 3] in 1995, the nih human embryo research panel advised the administration of president bill clinton to permit federal funding for research on embryos left over from in vitro fertility treatments and also recommended federal funding of research on embryos specifically created for experimentation. In response to the panel's recommendations, the clinton administration, citing moral and ethical concerns, declined to fund research on embryos created solely for research purposes,[4] but did agree to fund research on left-over embryos created by in vitro fertility treatments. At this point, the congress intervened and passed the dickey-wicker amendment in 1995 (the final bill, which included the dickey amendment, was signed into law by bill clinton) which prohibited any federal funding for the department of health and human services be used for research that resulted in the destruction of an embryo regardless of the source of that embryo. In 1998, privately funded research led to the breakthrough discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hesc). Federal law ever did ban stem cell research in the united states, but only placed restrictions on funding and use, under congress's power to spend. Bush requested a review of the nih's guidelines, and after a policy discussion within his circle of supporters, implemented a policy in august of that year to limit the number of embryonic stem cell lines that could be used for research. April 2004, 206 members of congress, including many moderate republicans, signed a letter urging president bush to expand federal funding of embryonic stem cell research beyond what bush had already may 2005, the house of representatives voted 238-194 to loosen the limitations on federally funded embryonic stem-cell research — by allowing government-funded research on surplus frozen embryos from in vitro fertilization clinics to be used for stem cell research with the permission of donors — despite bush's promise to veto if passed. Frist (r-tn), announced that he too favored loosening restrictions on federal funding of embryonic stem cell research. The senate passed the first bill, 63-37, which would have made it legal for the federal government to spend federal money on embryonic stem cell research that uses embryos left over from in vitro fertilization procedures. The second bill makes it illegal to create, grow, and abort fetuses for research purposes. Embryonic-like, stem cells without the destruction of human national institutes of health has hundreds of funding opportunities for researchers interested in hesc. 8] in 2005 the nih funded $607 million worth of stem cell research, of which $39 million was specifically used for hesc. Bush's second term, in july 2006, he used his first presidential veto on the stem cell research enhancement act. The stem cell research enhancement act was the name of two similar bills, and both were vetoed by president george w. New jersey congressman chris smith wrote a stem cell therapeutic and research act of 2005, which was signed into law by president bush. It provided $265 million for adult stem cell therapy, umbilical cord blood and bone marrow treatment, and authorized $79 million for the collection of cord blood stem executive order on march 9, 2009, president barack obama removed certain restrictions on federal funding for research involving new lines of human embryonic stem cells. 10] prior to president obama's executive order, federal funding was limited to non-embryonic stem cell research and embryonic stem cell research based upon embryonic stem cell lines in existence prior to august 9, 2001. Federal funding originating from current appropriations to the department of health and human services (including the national institutes of health) under the omnibus appropriations act of 2009, remains prohibited under the dickey amendment for (1) the creation of a human embryo for research purposes; or (2) research in which a human embryo or embryos are destroyed, discarded, or knowingly subjected to risk of injury or death greater than that allowed for research on fetuses in a speech before signing the executive order, president obama noted the following:President obama lifts federal funding restrictions on stem cell , with the executive order i am about to sign, we will bring the change that so many scientists and researchers; doctors and innovators; patients and loved ones have hoped for, and fought for, these past eight years: we will lift the ban on federal funding for promising embryonic stem cell research. 2011, a united states district court "threw out a lawsuit that challenged the use of federal funds for embryonic stem cell research. A2840 is a bill that was passed by the new jersey legislature in december 2003, and signed into law by governor james mcgreevey on january 4, 2004, that permits human cloning for the purpose of developing and harvesting human stem cells. Specifically, it legalizes the process of cloning a human embryo, and implanting the clone into a womb, provided that the clone is then aborted and used for medical research.
Where is stem cell research legal
Missouri constitutional amendment 2 (2006) (missouri amendment two) was a 2006 law that legalized certain forms of embryonic stem cell research in the rnia voters in november 2004 approved proposition 71, creating a us$3 billion state taxpayer-funded institute for stem cell research, the california institute for regenerative medicine. Authorized $150 million in loans to the institute in an attempt to jump start the process of funding research. States, in what was initially believed to be a national migration of biotech researchers to california,[15] have shown interest in providing their own funding support of embryonic and adult stem cell research. States have, or have shown interest in, additional restrictions or even complete bans on embryonic stem cell research. States play catch-up on stem cells, usa today, december 2004) arkansas, indiana, louisiana, michigan, north dakota and south dakota have passed laws to "prohibit the creation or destruction of human embryos for medical research. Stances on stem cell research of various political leaders in the united states have not always been a rule, most democratic party leaders and high-profile supporters and even rank and file members have pushed for laws and policies almost exclusively favoring embryonic stem cell research. Republicans largely oppose embryonic stem cell research in favor of adult stem cell research which has already produced cures and treatments for cancer and paralysis for example, but there are some high-profile exceptions who offer qualified support for some embryonic stem cell research. 5] prominent republican leaders against embryonic stem cell research include sarah palin, jim talent, rick santorum, and sam brownback. Orrin hatch (r-ut), a vocal abortion opponent, call[ed] for limited federal funding for embryonic stem-cell research.... House speaker dennis hastert (r-il) and other republican house leaders [came] out in opposition to federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. Gop" presidential candidate john mccain is a member of the republican main street partnership, and supports embryonic stem cell research,[5] despite his earlier opposition. 22] in july 2008 he said, "at the moment i support stem cell research [because of] the potential it has for curing some of the most terrible diseases that afflict mankind. 23] in 2007, in what he described as "a very agonizing and tough decision," he voted to allow research using human embryos left over from fertility treatments. 24] former first lady nancy reagan and senator orrin hatch also support stem cell research, after first opposing the issue. 5] former senator frist also supports stem cell research, despite having initially supported past restrictions on embryonic stem cell research. Candidate palin opposed embryonic stem cell research, which she said causes the destruction of life, thus this research is inconsistent with her pro-life position and she does not support it. 25] she said, in an interview with charlie gibson, that she supports adult stem cell research approaches. Ron paul, a republican congressman, physician, and libertarian and independent candidate for president, has sponsored much legislation, and has had quite complex al academies guidelines for human embryonic stem cell research[edit]. These guidelines were prepared to enhance the integrity of human embryonic stem cell research in the public's perception and in actuality by encouraging responsible practices in the conduct of that research. The national academies has subsequently named the human embryonic stem cell research advisory committee to keep the guidelines up-to-date. First, that hesc research has the potential to improve our understanding of human health and discover new ways to treat illness. The guidelines implement executive order 13505, and apply to hesc research receiving funds from the nih. Nih guidelines define which hesc research is eligible to receive nih funding through a series of regulations which applicants for funding must adhere to. Applicants proposing research, may use stem cell lines that are posted on the nih registry, or may submit an assurance of compliance with section ii of the guidelines. Second, the donors who sought reproductive treatment have given written consent for the embryos to be used for research purposes. Must also be a clear distinction between the donor’s decision to create embryos for reproductive purposes, and the decision to donate embryos for research. First, the decision to create embryos for reproductive purposes must have been made without the influence of researchers proposing usage for the embryos to derive hescs for research purposes. Finally, donors should have been informed that they have the right to withdraw consent at any time until derivation of stem cells from the embryo, or until the identity of the donor can no longer be linked to the embryo. The donor must be informed that the embryonic stem cells would be derived from the embryos from research purposes. The donor must also be informed of the procedures that the embryo would undergo in the derivation process, and that the stem cell lines derived from the embryo may be kept for many years. In addition, the donors must be informed that the donation is not made with direction regarding the intended use of the derived stem cells, and the research is not intended to provide direct medical benefit to the donor. The donor is also to be informed that there may be commercial potential resulting from the research performed, and that the donor is not to benefit from commercial development as a result of the donation.
Is embryonic stem cell research legal
The donor is also to be notified if information that could disclose their identity will be available to the researchers. Seeking to use stem cell lines established before the effective date of the guidelines may use lines published on the nih registry, or establish eligibility by complying with the requirements listed above. Alternately, researchers may submit materials to a working group of the advisory committee to the director. Materials submitted to the working group must demonstrate that the stem cells were derived from embryos created for reproductive purposes, and are no longer needed. Also, the materials must demonstrate that the stem cells were donated by donors who had granted voluntary written consent. Ineligible for nih funding as dictated within the guidelines include research in which hescs are introduced into non-human primate blastocysts. Research of the breeding of animals where hescs may contribute to the germ line are similarly ineligible. Nih funding of the derivation of stem cells from human embryos is prohibited by the annual appropriations ban on the funding of human embryo research. As per the national institutes of health revitalization act, congress and president bill clinton give the nih direct authority to fund human embryo research for the first time. Congress passes an appropriations bill attached to which is a rider, the dickey amendment which prohibited federally appropriated funds to be used for research where human embryos would be either created or destroyed. After the creation of the first human embryonic stem cell lines in 1998 by james thomson of the university of wisconsin, harriet rabb, the top lawyer at the department of health and human services, releases a legal opinion that would set the course for clinton administration policy. Federal funds, obviously, could not be used to derive stem cell lines (because derivation involves embryo destruction). However, she concludes that because human embryonic stem cells "are not a human embryo within the statutory definition," the dickey-wicker amendment does not apply to them. The nih was therefore free to give federal funding to experiments involving the cells themselves. President clinton strongly endorses the new guidelines, noting that human embryonic stem cell research promised "potentially staggering benefits. Bush signs an executive order which restricts federally funded stem cell research on embryonic stem cells to the already derived cell lines. He supports federal funding for embryonic stem cell research on the already existing lines of approximately $100 million, $250 million for research on adult and animal stem cells, and creates the president's council on bioethics led by dr. Leon kass of the university of chicago to "monitor stem cell research, to recommend appropriate guidelines and regulations, and to consider all of the medical and ethical ramifications of biomedical innovation. November 2004 - california voters approve proposition 71, which provides $3 billion in state funds over ten years to human embryonic stem cell research. Bush vetoes house resolution 810 stem cell research enhancement act, a bill that would have reversed the dickey amendment which made it illegal for federal money to be used for research where stem cells are derived from the destruction of an embryo. State of missouri passed amendment 2, which allows usage of any stem cell research and therapy allowed under federal law, but prohibits human reproductive cloning. February 2007 – the california institute for regenerative medicine became the biggest financial backer of human embryonic stem cell research in the united states when they awarded nearly $45 million in research grants. State of michigan passed proposal 08-2, allowing michigan researchers to make embryonic stem cell cultures from excess embryos donated from fertility treatments. January 2009 - the united states food and drug administration approves clinical trials for human embryonic stem cell therapy. March 2009 - president barack obama signs an executive order reversing federal opposition to embryonic stem cell research. 2011 - see dickey-wicker amendment, "in the 2-1 opinion of april 29, 2011, the appeals panel said that the dickey-wicker amendment was "ambiguous" and that the national institutes of health had "reasonably concluded" that although federal funds could not be used to directly destroy an embryo, the amendment does not prohibit funding a research project using embryonic stem cells. A b c d e f g john ydstie and joe palca, "embryonic stem cells made without embryos," npr, november 21, 2007, found at npr website story of 11-21-09. Joe neel and joanne silberner"stem cells used in woman's windpipe transplant," all things considered, november 18, 2009, found at npr story of 11-18-2008. Obama overturns bush policy on stem cells on cnn, added april 14, 2009,^ a debt of gratitude to so many tireless advocates. In his 2004 platform, john kerry affirmed his support of federally funded embryonic stem cell research "under the strictest ethical guidelines," saying, "we will not walk away from the chance to save lives and reduce human suffering. Clinton supported federal funding of embryonic stem cell research and voted in favor of the stem cell research enhancement act of 2005 that passed congress but was vetoed by president bush, hillary rodham clinton, senator for new york: senator clinton calls for expansion of stem cell research as well as voting for the 2007 bill with the same name that passed in congress. Mccarthy has been a supporter of stem cell research but restricted to the use of embryos that would be discarded.
In 2007, she supported the stem cell research enhancement act that was touted as doing that, passed both the democrat-led house and senate, but was later vetoed by president bush. Bellomo, the stem cell divide: the facts, fiction, and the fear driving the greatest scientific, political, and religious debate of our time (american management association, new york 2006) isbn solo and gasil gressberg, the promise and politics of stem cell research (praeger, westport, connecticut, 2007) isbn 0-275-99038-9. Pluripotent stem itor cell: endothelial stem poietic stem hymal stem ar cell cell laws and policy in the united etics in stem cell ries: united states lawstem cell researchbiotechnology lawpolitical controversies in the united statesunited states federal logged intalkcontributionscreate accountlog pagecontentsfeatured contentcurrent eventsrandom articledonate to wikipediawikipedia out wikipediacommunity portalrecent changescontact links hererelated changesupload filespecial pagespermanent linkpage informationwikidata itemcite this a bookdownload as pdfprintable page was last edited on 15 september 2017, at 02: is available under the creative commons attribution-sharealike license;. A non-profit ne of major events in stem cell research cells have been used in medicine since the 1950’s when bone marrow transplants were first used to treat leukemia. The first major amendment related to the use of federal funds for research involving embryonic stem (es) cells occurred in 1996. From this point onward, this timeline provides policy landmarks affecting the course of stem cell research in the u. Dickey-wicker ss bans federal funding for research on embryos through the dickey-wicker amendment, named after reps. The amendment prohibits the use of federal funds for the creation of a human embryo or embryos for research purposes, or research in which a human embryo or embryos are destroyed, discarded or knowingly subjected to risk of injury or death greater than that allowed for research on fetuses in 25: nih guidelines for research using human pluripotent stem cells go into national institutes of health (nih), interpreting the dickey-wicker amendment, releases guidelines for research on es guidelines stipulate that:Human embryonic stem cells must be derived with private funds from frozen embryos from fertility clinics;. They be in excess of the donor's clinical need; they be obtained with consent of the 7: president bush prohibits federal funding of most human embryonic stem cell ent george w. Bush prohibits the federal funding of any research using es cell lines derived after august 9, 2001, but his policy does not affect research in the private sector or research conducted with state funding. Research on adult stem cells is not affected by this executive : congress passes the stem cell research enhancement act (h. 810, which would have expanded federal funding for stem cell research to include stem cells derived from embryos created for, but subsequently not used in, the in vitro fertilization process, passes both the house and the senate in the 109th congress, attracting bipartisan support. The house votes 235-193 in favor of the bill, but the two-thirds majority needed to override the veto is not : congress passes the stem cell research enhancement act (s. The 110th congress, the senate passes their version of the stem cell research enhancement act (s. Again, the bill is vetoed by president bush, and again congress cannot override the 9: president obama reverses 2001 executive ent barack obama issues an executive order, titled "removing barriers to responsible scientific research involving human stem cells. Sebelius, the most noteworthy court case regarding the government's funding of embryonic stem cell research, is filed. File a lawsuit against the national institutes of health (nih) and the department of health and human services, arguing that federal funding of es cell research is in violation of the dickey-wicker amendment. District court for the district of columbia rules in favor of embryonic stem cell research in sherley v. Circuit] reasoning and conclusions, must find that defendants reasonably interpreted the dickey-wicker amendment to permit funding for human embryonic stem cell research because such research is not 'research in which a human embryo or embryos are destroyed' ... Nih reasonably concluded, as expressed in the notice of proposed rulemaking, that the fundamental policy question of whether to provide federal funds for embryonic stem cell research wasn’t a question for it to decide. See the full text of the ruling ry 13: transplantion of adult stem cells into heart attack patients helps regrow new heart chers at cedars-sinai medical center and johns hopkins university publish results from a clinical trial in which adult stem cells were extracted from patients following a heart attack. The stem cells were grown in a petri dish and were then returned to the patient’s heart. Circuit hears arguments about human embryonic stem cell research a decision favorable to proponents of es cell research, the u. Circuit upholds a lower court ruling that dismisses a lawsuit challenging the obama administration’s expansion of federal funding for stem cell y 7: supreme court declines to hear sherley v. This is a major victory for scientifically and ethically responsible innovative research,” bernard siegel, spokesperson for the stem cell action coalition and executive director of the genetics policy institute, says in a 15: scientists generate human nuclear-transfer embryonic stem chers at the oregon health and science university successfully reprogram human skin cells into es cells, using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt). By removing the dna from an egg cell and replacing it with genetic material from a skin cell, scientists create stem cells that can be programmed into becoming many different cell types, including the contracting cardiomyocytes that make up our heart muscle. Nuclear transfer (nt)-es cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine because the resulting stem cells are a genetic match to the skin cell r 15: transplantation of embryonic stem cells improves sight in legally-blind fda-approved clinical trial finds that treatment with es cells improves sight in over half of 18 patients suffering from macular degeneration. The study, published in the lancet, shows that transplantation of es cells is safe in the er 13: president obama signs the 21st century cures act into 21st century cures act includes provisions intended to assure timely regulatory review of regenerative therapies, including cell therapies enabled by stem cell therapy ch! T leave advocacy to others: sign up for our advocacy alerts and send a message through our advocacy tools:Prevention and public or of policy and t research, there is no honorable paul g. Ne of major events in stem cell research cells have been used in medicine since the 1950’s when bone marrow transplants were first used to treat leukemia. Wikipedia, the free to: navigation, cell laws are the law rules, and policy governance concerning the sources, research, and uses in treatment of stem cells in humans. 1] in the european union, stem cell research using the human embryo is permitted in sweden, spain, finland, belgium, greece, britain, denmark and the netherlands;[2] however, it is illegal in germany, austria, ireland, italy, and portugal.
Article: stem cell controversy § stem information presented here covers the legal implications of embryonic stem cells (es), rather than induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs). While embryonic stem cells are taken from embryoblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells are undifferentiated from somatic adult cells. A common example of a stem cell is the hematopoietic stem cell (hsc) which are multipotent stem cells that give rise to cells of the blood lineage. In contrast to multipotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and are thought to be able to give rise to all cells of the body. Cell treatments are a type of cell therapy that introduce new cells into adult bodies for possible treatment of cancer, somatic cell nuclear transfer, diabetes, and other medical conditions. Embryonic stem (es) cells are cultured from the embryoblast 4–5 days after fertilization, harvesting them is most often done from donated embryos from in vitro fertilization (ivf) clinics. European union has yet to issue consistent regulations with respect to stem cell research in member states. Whereas germany, austria, italy, finland, ireland, portugal and the netherlands prohibit or severely restrict the use of embryonic stem cells, greece, sweden, spain and the united kingdom have created the legal basis to support this research. 1] france prohibits reproductive cloning and embryo creation for research purposes, but enacted laws (with a sunset provision expiring in 2009) to allow scientists to conduct stem cell research on imported a large amount of embryos from in vitro fertilization treatments. 1] germany has restrictive policies for stem cell research, but a 2008 law authorizes "the use of imported stem cell lines produced before may 1, 2007. 1] italy has a 2004 law that forbids all sperm or egg donations and the freezing of embryos, but allows, in effect, using existing stem cell lines that have been imported. To modern stem cell researchers, spain is one of the leaders in stem cell research and currently has one of the most progressive legislations worldwide with respect to hesc research. 8] the new spanish law allows existing frozen embryos - of which there are estimated to be tens of thousands in spain - to be kept for patient's future use, donated for another infertile couple, or used in research. 9] in 2003, spain's laws state that embryos left over from ivf and donated by the couple that created them can be used in research, including es cell research, if they have been frozen for more than five years. 2001, the british parliament amended the human fertilisation and embryology act 1990 (since amended by the human fertilisation and embryology act 2008) to permit the destruction of embryos for hesc harvests but only if the research satisfies one of the following requirements:Increases knowledge about the development of embryos,Increases knowledge about serious disease, s any such knowledge to be applied in developing treatments for serious united kingdom is one of the leaders in stem cell research, in the opinion of lord sainsbury, science and innovation minister for the uk. 11] a new £10 million stem cell research centre has been announced at the university of cambridge. Primary legislation in south africa that deals with embryo research is the human tissue act, which is set to be replaced by chapter 8 of the national health act. The nha chapter 8 allows the minister of health to give permission for research on embryos not older than 14 days. The legislation on embryo research is complemented by the south african medical research council's ethics guidelines. It has therefore been argued based on constitutional grounds (the right to human dignity, and the right to freedom of scientific research) that the above limitations on embryo research are overly inhibitive of the autonomy of scientists, and hence unconstitutional. Also: stem cell laws and policy in prohibits human reproductive cloning but allows the creation of human embryos for research and therapeutic purposes. 1] in 2004, japan’s council for science and technology policy voted to allow scientists to conduct stem cell research for therapeutic purposes, though formal guidelines have yet to be released. 1] the philippines prohibits human embryonic and aborted human fetal stem cells and their derivatives for human treatment and research. 1][7] saudi arabia religious officials issued a decree that sanctions the use of embryos for therapeutic and research purposes. 1] according to the royan institute for reproductive biomedicine, iran has some of the most liberal laws on stem cell research and cloning. 17] a center for stem cell research has acquired a license to begin operating in april 2017 at the university of jordan. Has passed legislation to permit stem cell research using excess in vitro fertilized embryos that have been frozen for at least three years. Article: stem cell laws and policy in the united l law places restrictions on funding and use of hes cells through amendments to the budget bill. Bush implemented a policy limiting the number of stem cell lines that could be used for research. 5] there were some state laws concerning stem cells that were passed in the mid-2000s. New jersey's 2004 s1909/a2840 specifically permitted human cloning for the purpose of developing and harvesting human stem cells, and missouri's 2006 amendment two legalized certain forms of embryonic stem cell research in the state. On the other hand, arkansas, indiana, louisiana, michigan, north dakota and south dakota passed laws to prohibit the creation or destruction of human embryos for medical research.
New jersey congressman chris smith wrote a stem cell therapeutic and research act of 2005, which made some narrow exceptions, and was signed into law by president george w. November 2004, california voters approved proposition 71, creating a us$3 billion state taxpayer-funded institute for stem cell research, the california institute for regenerative medicine. It hopes to provide $300 million a obama removed the restriction of federal funding passed by bush in 2001, which only allowed funding on the 21 cell lines already created. However, the dickey amendment to the budget, the omnibus appropriations act of 2009, still bans federal funding of creating new cell lines. In other words, the federal government will now fund research which uses the hundreds of more lines created by public and private funds. March 2002, the canadian institutes of health research announced the first ever guidelines for human pluripotent stem cell research in canada. The federal granting agencies, cihr, natural sciences and engineering research council, and social sciences and humanities research council of canada teamed up and agreed that no research with human ipscs would be funded without review and approval from the stem cell oversight committee (scoc). Highlights of the act include prohibitions against the creation of embryos for research purposes and the criminalization of commercial transactions in human reproductive tissues. June 30, 2010, the updated guidelines for human pluripotent stem cell research outline that:The embryos used must originally have been created for reproductive persons for whom the embryos were created must provide free and informed consent for the unrestricted research use of any embryos created, which are no longer required for reproductive ova, sperm, nor embryo must not have been obtained through commercial transactions[21]. S national embryonic stem cell registry:Contains all human embryonic stem cell lines generated using cihr funds or funds from any of the research a prerequisite for obtaining cihr funding for human embryonic stem cell minimize the need to generate large numbers of cell lines, and decrease the need for donation of large numbers of embryos[22]. Is partially supportive (exempting reproductive cloning yet allowing research on embryonic stem cells that are derived from the process of ivf). A b c john ydstie and joe palca, "embryonic stem cells made without embryos," npr, november 21, 2007, found at npr website story of 11-21-09. Joe neel and joanne silberner, "stem cells used in woman's windpipe transplant," all things considered, november 18, 2009, found at npr story of 11-18-2008. Obama overturns bush policy on stem cells on cnn, added april 14, 2009,^ a b [1][full citation needed]. Bellomo, the stem cell divide: the facts, fiction, and the fear driving the greatest scientific, political, and religious debate of our time (american management association, new york 2006) isbn n klein, "illiberal biopolitics, human embryos and the stem cell controversy in china" (london school of economics and political science, london, 2010). Solo and gasil gressberg, the promise and politics of stem cell research (praeger, westport, connecticut, 2007) isbn hinxton group: an international consortium on stem cells, ethics & law. By sigrid the personhood of pre-implantation d pluripotent stem itor cell: endothelial stem poietic stem hymal stem ar cell cell laws and policy in the united etics in stem cell ries: stem cellsmedical controversiesbiotechnology lawstem cell researchmedical lawhidden categories: articles needing more detailed referencescs1 arabic-language sources (ar). All the materials valued in biomedical research, embryonic stem (es) cells and fetal tissue have gotten disproportionate attention from politicians. Bush tightly restricted the use of federal funds for research on all but a few stem cell lines. President barack obama then made lifting those restrictions one of his first official actions after he took office in recently, accusations that abortion clinics were unlawfully selling fetal tissue to researchers has stoked opposition to that type of research. So far, however, members of congress have been unable to enact any restrictions into , biomedical researchers are wondering: how will a donald j. From aborted fetuses, used both to study early disease development and in experimental therapies that transplant cells into the brain or spinal cord, figured into 184 projects that last year received about $80 million in federal funding from the national institutes of health (nih). That research has faced strong opposition from some members of congress, and some state legislators, since late last summer, when an anti-abortion group released undercover videos in which a planned parenthood employee discussed fulfilling research requests for fetal tissue. Alleging unlawful sale of tissue, republican lawmakers have tried to withdraw federal funding from the organization, and launched a special panel in the house of representatives to investigate relationships between abortion clinics, tissue procurement agencies, and research has promised to support barring planned parenthood from receiving federal funding. It’s not clear, however, if he’d be motivated to place a broader ban on fetal tissue research through an executive order. The republican party platform states that congress should "make it a crime to acquire, transfer, or sell fetal tissues from elective abortions for research. All rely on cell lines originally created from donated embryos left over from in vitro fertilization procedures. Nih maintains a registry of funding-eligible human es cell lines, created through president obama’s first executive order in office, which loosened the bush-era ent-elect trump hasn’t indicated any position on embryonic stem cell research, though he has vowed to “cancel every unconstitutional executive action, memorandum and order issued by president obama” in a plan he released in october for his first 100 days in office. Trump could clearly go in and reverse the president’s executive order and change nih’s policy,” says tony mazzaschi, senior director for policy and research at the association of schools and programs of public health in washington, d. Though the reversal would remove the underpinning of the nih registry, it might take an additional executive order to shut down federal funding for es cell research completely, or limit it to a certain number of cell president–elect mike pence, meanwhile, has consistently opposed es cell research, arguing that the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (ips) cells—reprogrammed adult cells that take on stemlike properties—make it unnecessary to take cells from , ips cells “have taken some of the heat off the embryonic stem cell research,” says timothy kamp, a cardiologist at the university of wisconsin in madison who works with es cells. Embryonic cells remain a “part of the tool set that we like to use to show that our finding is robust, reproducible, and not an artifact of reprogramming or keeping cells in culture,” he says. I personally would be very surprised if reason doesn’t prevail here,” says stem cell biologist ali brivanlou at rockefeller university in new york city, who worked with embryonic stem cells throughout the bush administration.
