List of ethical considerations
Are here: my-peer toolkit » evaluation » ethical l is imperative that ethical issues are considered during the formulation of the evaluation plan. Ethical considerations during evaluation include:Voluntary assess relevant ed consent means that the person participating in the evaluation is fully informed about the evaluation being conducted. There was a gradually developing consensus about the key ethical principles underlie the research endeavor.
Allowing anyone who is willing to be are a number of key phrases that describe the system of ethical protections contemporary social and medical research establishment have created to try to the rights of their research participants. Ethical standards also require that researchers not put participants in ion where they might be at risk of harm as a result of ipation. Increasingly, researchers have had to deal with the ethical issue of 's right to service.
But when that treatment or program may cial effects, persons assigned to the no-treatment control may feel their rights access to services are being when clear ethical standards and principles exist, there will be times when to do accurate research runs up against the rights of potential participants. Furthermore, there be a procedure that assures that researchers will consider all relevant ethical formulating research plans. To address such needs most institutions and formulated an institutional review board (irb), a panel of persons s grant proposals with respect to ethical implications and decides onal actions need to be taken to assure the safety and rights of participants.
The risk of harm to that person becomes an essential ethical consideration in deciding what information to disclose and how to disclose it. That risk will need to be balanced against the ethical interests in respecting the autonomy of the person affected, and their choice about whether to know or not. From balancing ethical considerations, flexible solutions may be derived that accommodate the interests of individuals and the needs of families and society.
7 in this way, ethical considerations reflect the kind of society in which we live or would choose to live. 9 it can be argued that ethics expresses the fundamental considerations that inform any societal decisions. Ethics can have an integrative function in the context of biotechnology:ethical judgements are not stand-alone judgements, rather they are integrative, holistic, or ‘all things considered’ judgements.
The canadian moral theorist thomas hurka put this point well in a book on the ethics of global warming:an ethical judgement about climate policy is not just one judgement among many, to be weighed against economic, political, and other judgements in deciding how, all things considered, to act. If a climate policy is right, it is simply right; if it is ethically wrong, it is wrong, is, in making an ethical judgement about global warming or biotechnology, ‘ethics’ is not one factor to be considered alongside other factors, like legal, scientific, or economic factors. In this joint endeavour, what ethicists can contribute on the basis of the ethical theory and work in applied ethics is help in understanding the complex ways in which integrative judgements can be made, criticised and justified.
For instance, researchers ought, ethically, to seek consent from people to use their genetic information in research because doing so respects their autonomy and freedom to choose. The chapter describes the range of ethical considerations that are likely to be drawn on in making and justifying decisions about genetic information. The regulatory responses recommended in this report to protect genetic information reflect a balance among these considerations.