Cannabis research paper
Horowitz, amaia garcia and pierre-yves desprez, the california breast cancer research program, the research institute at california pacific medical center, american association for cancer research. A study published in the us national library of medicine outlined multiple studies proving the effectiveness of cannabis on prostate cancer. The study was supported by grants from the swedish cancer society, the swedish research council and the cancer society in stockholm. Attorney general issues state guidelines for medical 17 hospitals' positions on medical tests - methods of detecting cannabis l marijuana judge rules that botanist's bid to grow marijuana is "in the public interest". Double-blind studies (in which neither the subjects nor the researchers know which patients are receiving the placebo or actual treatment) have been noted as such. Published in neurology:"cannabis has immunomodulatory [capable of regulating immune functions] properties and effects upon excitotoxicity [process by which neurons are damaged] that suggest that it might have a disease-modifying role in als [amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aka lou gehrig's disease]. Bipolar patients who also had cannabis use disorder (cud) had significantly better neurocognitive performance than those without l j. Stated the following in their may 2012 study titled "cognitive and clinical outcomes associated with cannabis use in patients with bipolar i disorder," published in psychiatry research:"the objective of the present study was to compare clinical and neurocognitive measures in individuals with bipolar disorder with a history of cannabis use disorder (cud) versus those without a history of cud... These data could be interpreted to suggest that cannabis use may have a beneficial effect on cognitive functioning in patients with severe psychiatric disorders. June 1998 article titled "the use of cannabis as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder: anecdotal evidence and the need for clinical research" in journal of psychoactive drugs:"the authors present case histories indicating that a number of patients find cannabis (marihuana) useful in the treatment of their bipolar disorder. One woman found that cannabis curbed her manic rages; she and her husband have worked to make it legally available as a medicine. Others described the use of cannabis as a supplement to lithium (allowing reduced consumption) or for relief of lithium's side effects. Another case illustrates the fact that medical cannabis users are in danger of arrest, especially when children are encouraged to inform on parents by some drug prevention programs. An analogy is drawn between the status of cannabis today and that of lithium in the early 1950s, when its effect on mania had been discovered but there were no controlled studies. In the case of cannabis, the law has made such studies almost impossible, and the only available evidence is anecdotal. The potential for cannabis as a treatment for bipolar disorder unfortunately can not be fully explored in the present social circumstances. 2011 study titled "pathways mediating the effects of cannabidiol on the reduction of breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis," published in breast cancer research and treatment journal:"there is a general consensus in the field of cancer research that targeting multiple pathways that control tumor progression is the best strategy for the eradication of aggressive cancers. Cannabis-based medicine protected against chemotherapy-induced nausea and duran, md, clinical pharmacologist in the fundació institut català de farmacologia at the universitat autònoma de barcelona, et al. 2010 study titled "preliminary efficacy and safety of an oromucosal standardized cannabis extract in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting," published in the british journal of clinical pharmacology:"aims: despite progress in anti-emetic treatment, many patients still suffer from chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (cinv). This is a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase ii clinical trial designed to evaluate the tolerability, preliminary efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of an acute dose titration of a whole-plant cannabis-based medicine (cbm) containing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, taken in conjunction with standard therapies in the control of cinv. Cannabis extract (ce) and thc were well-tolerated, but no differences in appetite or quality of life were found at the doses n strasser, md, assistant medical director of the swiss society of palliative care et al. Wrote in a july 2006 article titled "comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase iii, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from the cannabis-in-cachexia-study-group" in the journal of clinical oncology:"purpose: to compare the effects of cannabis extract (ce), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), and placebo (pl) on appetite and quality of life (qol) in patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome (cacs)... 2003 article titled "cannabinoids: potential anticancer agents," published in the journal nature reviews - cancer:"cannabinoids -- the active components of cannabis sativa and their derivatives -- exert palliative effects in cancer patients by preventing nausea, vomiting and pain and by stimulating appetite. Cannabis extracts improved intractable neurogenic symptoms such as pain, impaired bladder control, muscle spasms, and t. 2003 article titled "a preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms" in the journal clinical rehabilitation:"objectives: to determine whether plant-derived cannabis medicinal extracts (cme) can alleviate neurogenic symptoms unresponsive to standard treatment, and to quantify adverse effects... Marijuana use helps the compassionate investigational new drug (ind) program patients remain stable and take fewer pharmaceutical russo, md, senior medical advisor at the cannabinoid research institute, et al. Stated in his study of four of the remaining seven legal medical marijuana patients in the compassionate ind program, titled "chronic cannabis use in the compassionate investigational new drug program: an examination of benefits and adverse effects of legal clinical cannabis," and published in the jan. 2002 edition of the journal of cannabis therapeutics:"the aim of this study is to examine the overall health status of 4 of the 7 surviving patients in the [compassionate ind] program.
Medical marijuana research paper
This project provides the first opportunity to scrutinize the long-term effects of cannabis on patients who have used a known dosage of a standardized, heat-sterilized quality-controlled supply of low-grade marijuana for 11 to 27 years. These results would support the provision of clinical cannabis to a greater number of patients in need. We believe that cannabis can be a safe and effective medicine with various suggested improvements in the existing compassionate ind program. 2008 study titled "smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in hiv: a randomized, crossover clinical trial," published in neuropsychopharmacology:"in a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the short-term adjunctive treatment of neuropathic pain in hiv-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy, participants received either smoked cannabis or placebo cannabis cigarettes... The proportion of subjects achieving at least 30% pain relief was again significantly greater with cannabis (46%) compared to placebo (18%). It was concluded that smoked cannabis was generally well-tolerated and effective when added to concomitant analgesic therapy in patients with medically refractory pain due to hiv-associated neuropathy. Smoked cannabis relieved chronic neuropathic pain in patients with abrams, md, professor of clinical medicine at the university of california at san francisco, et al. 13, 2007 article titled "cannabis in painful hiv-associated sensory neuropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial" in the journal neurology:"objective: to determine the effect of smoked cannabis on the neuropathic pain of hiv-associated sensory neuropathy, and an experimental pain model... Conclusion: smoked cannabis was well tolerated and effectively relieved chronic neuropathic pain from hiv-associated sensory neuropathy. Wrote in their 2005 meeting abstract "smoked cannabis therapy for hiv-related painful peripheral neuropathy: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial," published in the journal of the international association for cannabis as medicine:"smoked marijuana is effective in reducing chronic ongoing neuropathic pain as well as acute pain in the experimental pain model. Conclusions: the findings suggest that providers be advised to assess routinely and better understand patients' indications for self-administration of cannabis. Given the estimated prevalence, more formal characterization of the patterns and impact of cannabis use to alleviate hiv-associated symptoms is warranted. Tashkin, md, director of the pulmonary function laboratories at ucla, stated the following in his june 2001 article titled "effects of smoked marijuana on the lung and its immune defenses: implications for medicinal use in hiv-infected patients," published in journal of cannabis therapeutics:"frequent marijuana use can cause airway injury, lung inflammation and impaired pulmonary defense against infection. 1991 article titled "controlled clinical trial of cannabidiol in huntington's disease," published in the journal pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior:"based on encouraging preliminary findings, cannabidiol (cbd), a major nonpsychotropic constituent of cannabis, was evaluated for symptomatic efficacy and safety in 15 neuroleptic-free patients with huntington's disease (hd). Cannabis improved ibd symptoms, but patients with crohn's disease (a type of ibd) who used cannabis had a higher risk of needing storr, md, associate professor in the department of medicine at the university of calgary, et al. 2014 article titled "cannabis use provides symptom relief in patients with inflammatory bowel disease but is associated with worse disease prognosis in patients with crohn's disease," published in inflammatory bowel diseases:"methods: consecutive patients with ibd (n = 313) seen in the university of calgary from july 2008 to march 2009 completed a structured anonymous questionnaire covering motives, pattern of use, and subjective beneficial and adverse effects associated with self-administration of cannabis... The use of cannabis for more than 6 months at any time for ibd symptoms was a strong predictor of requiring surgery in patients with crohn's disease... Conclusions: cannabis use is common in patients with ibd and subjectively improved pain and diarrheal symptoms. However, cannabis use was associated with higher risk of surgery in patients with crohn's disease. Patients using cannabis should be cautioned about potential harm, until clinical trials evaluate efficacy and safety. Cannabis cigarettes produced significant clinical benefits with no side effects in 10 of 11 crohn's disease naftali, md, specialist in gastroenterology at meir hospital and kupat holim clinic (israel), et al. 2013 study titled "cannabis induces a clinical response in patients with crohn's disease: a prospective placebo-controlled study," published in clinical gastroenterology and hepatology:"background & aims: [... We performed a prospective trial to determine whether cannabis can induce remission in patients with crohn's disease. Patients were assigned randomly to groups given cannabis, twice daily, in the form of cigarettes containing 115 mg of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) or placebo containing cannabis flowers from which the thc had been extracted. Was achieved by 5 of 11 subjects in the cannabis group (45%) and 1 of 10 in the placebo group (10%). Was observed in 10 of 11 subjects in the cannabis group (90%) and 4 of 10 in the placebo group (40%). Conclusions: although the primary end point of the study (induction of remission) was not achieved, a short course (8 weeks) of thc-rich cannabis produced significant clinical, steroid-free benefits to 10 of 11 patients with active crohn's disease, compared with placebo, without side effects. Ms patients using cannabis reported more fatigue, numbness, tingling or pain, and heat sensitivity, and said they were "more disabled".
Zajicek, phd, professor of clinical neuroscience at the neurology research and clinical trials unit of the peninsula medical school at the university of plymouth, et al. 2012 study titled "multiple sclerosis and extract of cannabis: results of the musec trial," published in the journal of neurology, neurosurgery & psychiatry:"objective: multiple sclerosis (ms) is associated with chronic symptoms, including muscle stiffness, spasms, pain and insomnia. Here we report the results of the multiple sclerosis and extract of cannabis (musec) study that aimed to substantiate the patient based findings of previous studies. Patients and methods: patients with stable ms at 22 uk centres were randomised to oral cannabis extract (ce) (n=144) or placebo (n=135)... Smoked cannabis helped with symptom and pain reduction in ms corey-bloom, phd, professor of neurosciences at the university of california at san diego, et al. Stated the following in their may 2012 study titled "smoked cannabis for spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial," published in the canadian medical association journal:"methods: we conducted a placebo-controlled, crossover trial involving adult patients with multiple sclerosis and spasticity... Treatment with smoked cannabis resulted in a reduction in patient scores on the modified ashworth scale by an average of 2. Interpretation: smoked cannabis was superior to placebo in symptom and pain reduction in participants with treatment-resistant spasticity. Ms patients using cannabis had significantly poorer cognitive skills and were twice as likely to be globally cognitively y feinstein, phd, md, professor of psychiatry at the university of toronto, et al. 29, 2011 article "effects of cannabis on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis" in neurology:"given that ms is associated with cognitive deterioration, the aim of this study was to determine the neuropsychological effects of cannabis use in this population. Results: cannabis users performed significantly more poorly than nonusers on measures of information processing speed, working memory, executive functions, and visuospatial perception. Cannabis-based medicine (cbm) found more effective than placebo for reducing ms ine collin, md, senior consultant in neuro-rehabilitation at the royal berkshire and battle hospitals, et al. Wrote the following in their article "randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis," published in the mar. We conclude that this cbm [cannabis-based medicine] may represent a useful new agent for treatment of the symptomatic relief of spasticity in ms. 2004 article titled "do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? Orally administered cannabis reduced spasms and improved mobility in patients with vaney, md, medical director of the neurological rehabilitation and ms centre, montana, switzerland, et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study" in the journal multiple sclerosis:"in the 50 patients included into the intention-to-treat analysis set, there were no statistically significant differences associated with active treatment compared to placebo, but trends in favour of active treatment were seen for spasm frequency, mobility and getting to sleep. Conclusion: a standardized cannabis sativa plant extract might lower spasm frequency and increase mobility with tolerable side effects in ms patients with persistent spasticity not responding to other drugs. 2004 article titled "an open-label pilot study of cannabis-based extracts for bladder dysfunction in advanced multiple sclerosis," published in the journal multiple sclerosis:"the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) develop troublesome lower urinary tract symptoms (luts). Anecdotal reports suggest that cannabis may alleviate luts, and cannabinoid receptors in the bladder and nervous system are potential pharmacological targets. In an open trial we evaluated the safety, tolerability, dose range, and efficacy of two whole-plant extracts of cannabis sativa in patients with advanced ms and refractory luts. There were few troublesome side effects, suggesting that cannabis-based medicinal extracts are a safe and effective treatment for urinary and other problems in patients with advanced ms. Cannabis extract did not significantly improve tremor in patients with k fox, md, clinical neurologist at the peninsula medical school at the university of plymouth, et al. 2004 article titled "the effect of cannabis on tremor in patients with multiple sclerosis" in the journal neurology:"background: disabling tremor is common in patients with multiple sclerosis (ms). Data from animal model experiments and subjective and small objective studies involving patients suggest that cannabis may be an effective treatment for tremor associated with ms. To our knowledge, there are no published double-blind randomized controlled trials of cannabis as a treatment for tremor in ms patients... Results: analysis of the data showed no significant improvement in any of the objective measures of upper limb tremor with cannabis extract compared to placebo. However, there was a nonsignificant trend for patients to experience more subjective relief from their tremors while on cannabis extract compared to placebo.
2003 article titled "cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (cams study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial" in the journal lancet [note: patients were given oral cannabis extract, delta-9-thc, or placebo]:"background: multiple sclerosis is associated with muscle stiffness, spasms, pain, and tremor. Thc and cannabis sativa plant extract did not reduce spasticity in ms patients and worsened global killestein, md, phd, multiple sclerosis researcher in the department of neurology at the ms centre at vu medical centre in amsterdam, et al. Wrote in a may 2002 article titled "safety, tolerability, and efficacy of orally administered cannabinoids in ms" in the journal neurology:"the authors conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, twofold crossover study in 16 patients with ms who presented with severe spasticity to investigate safety, tolerability, and efficacy of oral delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) and cannabis sativa plant extract. Guy, bsc, co-founder and chairman of gw pharmaceuticals, philip robson, mb, director of the cannabinoid research institute at gw pharmaceuticals stated the following in their 2001 study titled "prospects for new cannabis-based prescription medicines," published in journal of cannabis therapeutics:"in practice it has been found that extracts of cannabis [processed whole plant compounds] provide greater relief of pain than the equivalent amount of cannabinoid given as a single chemical entity [such as marinol].... Some patients with multiple sclerosis who smoke cannabis [marijuana] report relief of spasm and pain after the second or third puff of a cannabis cigarette. 20, 1997 article titled "the perceived effects of smoked cannabis on patients with multiple sclerosis" in the journal european neurology:"fifty-three uk and 59 usa people with multiple sclerosis (ms) answered anonymously the first questionnaire on cannabis use and ms. From 97 to 30% of the subjects reported cannabis improved (in descending rank order): spasticity, chronic pain of extremities, acute paroxysmal phenomenon, tremor, emotional dysfunction, anorexia/weight loss, fatigue states, double vision, sexual dysfunction, bowel and bladder dysfunctions, vision dimness, dysfunctions of walking and balance, and memory loss. The survey findings will aid in the design of a clinical trial of cannabis or cannabinoid administration to ms patients or to other patients with similar signs or symptoms. 2014 study titled "therapeutic benefits of cannabis: a patient survey," published in hawaii journal of medicine and public health:"between july of 2010 and february of 2011, we hand-delivered questionnaires to one hundred consecutive patients who had been certified for the medical use of cannabis for a minimum of one year and were currently re-applying for certification… results […] average reported pain relief from medical cannabis was substantial. This translates to a 64% average relative decrease in pain… conclusions cannabis is an extremely safe and effective medication for many patients with chronic pain. In stark contrast to opioids and other available pain medications, cannabis is relatively non-addicting and has the best safety record of any known pain medication (no deaths attributed to overdose or direct effects of medication). Low and medium doses of vaporized cannabis reduced neuropathic wilsey, md, director of the university of california at davis analgesic research center, et al. 2013 study titled "low dose vaporized cannabis significantly improves neuropathic pain," published in the journal of pain:"we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study evaluating the analgesic efficacy of vaporized cannabis in subjects, the majority of whom were experiencing neuropathic pain despite traditional treatment. Vaporized cannabis, even at low doses, may present an effective option for patients with treatment-resistant neuropathic pain. 30, 2010 study titled "smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial," published in the canadian medical association journal:"adults with post-traumatic or postsurgical neuropathic pain were randomly assigned to receive cannabis at four potencies (0%, 2. Tetrahydrocannabinol herbal cannabis three times daily for five days reduced the intensity of pain, improved sleep and was well tolerated. Low and high doses of smoked cannabis relieved neuropathic pain of diverse wilsey, md, director of the university of california at davis analgesic research center, et al. Stated the following in his june 2008 study titled "a randomized, placebo controlled cross-over trial of cannabis cigarettes in neuropathic pain," published in the journal of pain:"this study's objective was to examine the efficacy of two doses of smoked cannabis on pain in persons with neuropathic pain of different origins (e. In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial participants received either lowdose, high-dose, or placebo cannabis cigarettes... The study demonstrated an analgesic response to smoking cannabis with no significant difference between the low and the high dose cigarettes. The study concluded that both low and high cannabis doses were efficacious in reducing neuropathic pain of diverse causes. 2007 article titled "dose-dependent effects of smoked cannabis on capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers," published in the journal anesthesiology:"in summary, in this model of human experimental pain, smoked cannabis was demonstrated to have a delayed biphasic [two phase] effect on pain scores induced by intradermal capsaicin [chili pepper heat injected into the skin]. No conclusions on the analgesic efficacy of smoked cannabis on clinical pain states can be made from this study as the relationship between analgesic effects in experimental pain and clinical pain states is unknown. Cannabis-based medicines produced significant improvements in pain severity and sleep in patients with brachial plexus root an s. 2004 article titled "efficacy of two cannabis based medicinal extracts for relief of central neuropathic pain from brachial plexus avulsion: results of a randomised controlled trial" in the journal pain:"the objective was to investigate the effectiveness of cannabis-based medicines for treatment of chronic pain associated with brachial plexus root avulsion. Ware, msc, director of research at the magill university health centre (muhc) pain clinic in canada, et al. 2003 article titled "cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: results of a prospective survey" in the journal pain:"there has been a surge in interest in medicinal cannabis in canada. We conducted a questionnaire survey to determine the current prevalence of medicinal cannabis use among patients with chronic non-cancer pain, to estimate the dose size and frequency of cannabis use, and to describe the main symptoms for which relief was being sought...
Of the 32 subjects who used cannabis for pain, 17 (53%) used four puffs or less at each dosing interval, eight (25%) smoked a whole cannabis cigarette (joint) and four (12%) smoked more than one joint. Seven (22%) of these subjects used cannabis more than once daily, five (16%) used it daily, eight (25%) used it weekly and nine (28%) used it rarely. Pain, sleep and mood were most frequently reported as improving with cannabis use, and 'high' and dry mouth were the most commonly reported side effects. We conclude that cannabis use is prevalent among the chronic non-cancer pain population, for a wide range of symptoms, with considerable variability in the amounts used. Smoked cannabis produced improvements in patients' parkinson's symptoms with no significant adverse lotan, md, physician in the neurology department at rabin medical center in israel, et al. 2014 study titled "cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for motor and non–motor symptoms of parkinson disease: an open-label observational study," published in clinical neuropharmacology:"methods: twenty-two patients with pd [parkinson's disease] attending the motor disorder clinic of a tertiary medical center in 2011 to 2012 were evaluated at baseline and 30 minutes after smoking cannabis using the following battery: unified parkinson disease rating scale, visual analog scale, present pain intensity scale, short-form mcgill pain questionnaire, as well as medical cannabis survey national drug and alcohol research center questionnaire. The study suggests that cannabis might have a place in the therapeutic armamentarium of pd. Carroll, phd, clinical research fellow at the peninsula college of medicine and dentistry, et al. 2004 article titled "cannabis for dyskinesia in parkinson disease: a randomized double-blind crossover study" in the journal neurology:"seventeen patients completed the rct. Conclusions: orally administered cannabis extract resulted in no objective or subjective improvement in dyskinesias or parkinsonism. Patients with parkinson's report improvement two months after starting cannabis na venderová, phd, assistant professor at university of the pacific and former researcher at the movement disorders centre in the department of neurology at charles university in prague, czech republic, et al. 2004 article "survey on cannabis use in parkinson's disease," published in the journal movement disorders:"an anonymous questionnaire sent to all patients attending the prague movement disorder centre revealed that 25% of 339 respondents had taken cannabis and 45. Because most patients reported that improvement occurred approximately two months after the first use of cannabis, it is very unlikely that it could be attributed to a placebo reaction. Halberstadt, phd, assistant research scientist in the department of psychiatry at the university of california san diego, stated the following in their mar. 2014 article titled "ptsd symptom reports of patients evaluated for the new mexico medical cannabis program," published in the journal of psychoactive drugs:"background: new mexico was the first state to list post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) as a condition for the use of medical cannabis. There are no published studies, other than case reports, of the effects of cannabis on ptsd symptoms. The purpose of the study was to report and statistically analyze psychometric data on ptsd symptoms collected during 80 psychiatric evaluations of patients applying to the new mexico medical cannabis program from 2009 to 2011. Results: greater than 75% reduction in caps symptom scores were reported when patients were using cannabis compared to when they were not. Conclusions: cannabis is associated with reductions in ptsd symptoms in some patients, and prospective, placebo-controlled study is needed to determine efficacy of cannabis and its constituents in treating ptsd. Cannabis use had no compounding effects on cognition or emotion/affect-based decision-making in schizophrenia sevy, md, mba, adjunct associate professor of clinical psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the albert einstein college of medicine, et al. 11, 2007 article "iowa gambling task in schizophrenia: a review and new data in patients with schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis use disorders" in schizophrenia research:"we reviewed previous studies comparing schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects for performance on the iowa gambling task (igt) (a laboratory task designed to measure emotion-based decision-making), and found mixed results. To test this hypothesis, we compared schizophrenia patients with (scz(+)) or without (scz(-)) cannabis use disorders, to healthy subjects, on measures of cognition and igt performance... More intriguing, it appears that the concurrent abuse of cannabis has no compounding effects on cognition, as well as emotion/affect-based decision-making. Among patients with schizophrenia, cannabis users had better cognitive stirling, dphil, principal lecturer/reader in the research institute for health and social change at manchester metropolitan university, et al. 21, 2004 article "cannabis use prior to first onset psychosis predicts spared neurocognition at 10-year follow-up" in schizophrenia research:"a priori cannabis use was recorded at index admission for 112 participants in the manchester first-episode psychosis cohort. Individuals who had not used cannabis before the first episode of illness were generally indistinguishable from cannabis users at follow-up, except that the latter group evidenced a marked 'sparing' of neurocognitive functions... C]annabis users had better cognitive functioning than patients without cannabis use in several domains including design memory, verbal fluency, object assembly, block design, picture completion, picture arrangement, and face recognition memory. 2006 study titled "preliminary assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine (sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis," published in rheumatology journal:"objectives.
To assess the efficacy of a cannabis-based medicine (cbm) in the treatment of pain due to rheumatoid arthritis (ra).
