Parts of research methodology

Pmc3284014research methodology in dentistry: part i – the essentials and relevance of researchjogikalmat krithikadattadepartment of conservative dentistry and endodontics, mennakshi ammal dental college and hospitals, maduravoyal, chennai – 600095, indiaaddress for correspondence: dr. On the one hand, material and laboratory research is critical, however; its translation into clinical practice is not being substantiated enough with clinical research. This four part review series focuses on methods to improve evidence-based practice, by improving methods to integrate laboratory and clinical ds: clinical research, evidence-based dentistry, measurement iterative loop, patient/population/problem, intervention, comparison, and outcome format, research methodologyintroductionthe field of dental research in india has witnessed exponential growth in the last five years. 2] the lacuna of indian contribution to international scientific literature is probably a skewed understanding of research and its contribution in effecting improved patient care.

The primary purpose of research is to produce new knowledge or find new ways of making the existing knowledge available to those who need it. Research is not a separate speciality which is practiced by a few but it is a systematic approach of reasoning, documenting, analysing and reporting unusual clinical observations that we come across in everyday clinical practice. Whether one is a “doer” or a “user” of research, a thorough understanding of the methodology is essential. In addition to individual practitioners, the “users” of research includes 1) professional organizations that set “practice guidelines”;2) policy makers (sometimes called as “decision makers”) and 3) program managers (for example, state or national government managers of dental health programs).

While the academicians and research scholars (teaching institutions) have a unique position to be “doers” of research. The value for research for its own sake is limited, and therefore understanding the essential concepts in research methodology is vital in producing dependable purpose of this review series is to help the reader to organize the thought process when considering research needs and methods. It also aims to sensitize the mind to research avenues that would be beneficial to material and clinical research in particular and improving the quality of clinical care in general. This four-part review series encompasses topics on essentials of research, fundamentals in biostatistics, observational studies, and experimental studies in each t of research: the head startevery action is first conceived in the mind and later executed.

Random choice of research projects dilutes the resource contribution in random directions and results in lack of identity of the person or faculty. The rationale for the choice of a particular stream could also result in a new concept of thinking or change the methods of treatment 1requisites of good researchit is prudent to decide apriori as to whom the results of a particular research question would be useful and will the results be applicable to patients in dental practices in the real world. Conventionally, in-vitro or laboratory research studies have good internal validity but poor external validity which means that the results obtained are only applicable to similar samples of the study. On the other hand, clinical studies have good external validity because they are tested on samples/ subjects that are closely related to the clinical condition and most often representative of all individuals with the condition; however they are more complex since so many other factors may influence the outcome of understand validity, let us consider the research question on dentin bonding agents (dba).

In this scenario, all the samples and procedures are standardized to a specific methodology, that is, dentin cylinders 5 mm in height, with 4 mm of composite material, × n force at 0. On the contrary, if we conduct a clinical study to evaluate the performance of dentin bonding agents, the methodology would include a randomized controlled trial involving the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions ((nccl), considered the ideal for bonding agent testing), the clinical evaluation criteria recommended by the united states public health system (usphs), and followed over a period of time. The principles of ethics are not restricted only to the handling of human participants, but also encompass the ethics followed in the methodology and reporting of results. The indian council of medical research (icmr) has comprehensive guidelines for conducting experimental studies in india.

4] erroneously in india, this science is often dissociated from dental clinical research and is regarded to be a practice under community dentistry. Hence research methods described under epidemiology have also not been used in answering many of our clinical research questions. In order to understand the involvement of clinicians in clinical research, we need to be aware of certain disease manifestations in the community, with regard to the magnitude of the problem and measures to deliver er this question being asked by the head of department of an institution, “what is the best endodontic regime for patients being treated in my department? In reality, this simple question has the ability to raise meaningful research questions if we could apply this to the measurement iterative loop proposed by tugwell et al.

Each step in the loop has the capacity to generate several research 1the measurement iterative loopin this loop, the first step is to ascertain the burden of illness. Eg if the tooth has been lost then root canal treatment is not focus on research in this area should be an effort to transfer the burden from unavoidable to is to identify and assess the possible cause of the burden of disease. The etiology and risk-factor assessment of a multifactorial disease like pulpal and periapical pathology in itself generates a lot of research avenues. The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.

This systematic clinical research in our field includes both in-vitro and clinical research, with equal importance. The sensible transition to clinical research by making use of the conclusions of in-vitro research will contribute evidence to various steps of the measurement iterative loop. It is often observed that the thrust for clinical research is feeble and as a result there is insufficient evidence from laboratory research translating to clinical practice. The ideal place to enable contribution to the best clinical evidence would undoubtedly be the institutional organization, which has the balance between clinical expertise from the teachers end and the requirement for research projects from the students’ end.

The only missing link is a properly planned research, which can be fullfilled by employing the measurement awareness of evidence-based dentistry is growing not only on the research/clinical front, but also from patients seeking quality dental care. Hence, the possibility of a research study being acknowledged in scientific literature is often driven by the relevance of evidence that a particular research study can deliver. Pubmed]articles from journal of conservative dentistry : jcd are provided here courtesy of wolters kluwer -- medknow s:article | pubreader | epub (beta) | printer friendly | e the research methods terrain, read definitions of key terminology, and discover content relevant to your research methods lists of key research methods and statistics resources created by all you need to know to plan your research an appropriate statistical method using this straightforward ting methodology and research like you do not have access to this login or find out how to gain e the methods e the methods to your note that some file types are incompatible with some mobile and tablet devices. Or create a profile so that you can save clips, playlists, and log in from an authenticated institution or log into your member profile to access the email content related to this ortation research part b: ortation research part b: international your login details below.

This free service is available to anyone who has published and whose publication is in ic methods in accident studies on transport ics of l of choice l of rail transport planning & ortation research: part b publishes papers on all methodological aspects of the subject, particularly those that require mathematical analysis. Research: part b publishes papers on all methodological aspects of the subject, particularly those that require mathematical analysis. Part b's aims and scope are complementary to transportation research part a: policy and practice, part c: emerging technologies and part d: transport and environment. The complete set forms the most cohesive and comprehensive reference of current research in transportation science.

If you require any further information or help, please visit our support centerhide full aims & ing bus bunching and holding control with vehicle overtaking and distributed passenger boarding l design of autonomous vehicle zones in transportation behaviour and motion: empirical tic wave models of sag and tunnel on field theory: improvements to current methodology and comparisons with standard choice modelling boundedly rational user equilibrium: a parametric analysis with application to the network design a. Heuristic method for a congested capacitated transit assignment model with l environmental road pricing and daily commuting downloaded most downloaded articles from transportation research part b: methodological in the last 90 ing bus bunching and holding control with vehicle overtaking and distributed passenger boarding l design of autonomous vehicle zones in transportation behaviour and motion: empirical ly published articles from transportation research part b: tic wave models of sag and tunnel on field theory: improvements to current methodology and comparisons with standard choice modelling boundedly rational user equilibrium: a parametric analysis with application to the network design a. Heuristic method for a congested capacitated transit assignment model with l environmental road pricing and daily commuting n partner journal is now partnering with heliyon, an open access journal from elsevier publishing quality peer reviewed research across all disciplines. Partner journals provide authors with an easy route to transfer their research to by @transport_ortation research editors give their tips on how to get l issue in transportation research part b: advances in network macroscopic fundamental diagram l issue in transportation research part b – shipping, port and maritime l issues published in transportation research part b: urban l issue\: day-to-day dynamics in transportation metrics – top social media is a recent list of 2017 articles that have had the most social media attention.

Please refer to this blog post for more ortation research part b: ly part of transportation research;. Please enable javascript to use all the features on this ortation research part b: methodologicalvolume 107,   in progressvolume / issue in progressa volume/issue that is "in progress" contains final, fully citable articles that are published online, but the volume/issue itself is awaiting more articles before it can be considered "final". For recently accepted articles, see articles in ch papersthe boundedly rational user equilibrium: a parametric analysis with application to the network design problemoriginal research articlepages 1-17oskar a. Entitled to full textdecision field theory: improvements to current methodology and comparisons with standard choice modelling techniquesoriginal research articlepages 18-40thomas o.

Entitled to full textkinematic wave models of sag and tunnel bottlenecksoriginal research articlepages 41-56wen-long jinabstractclose research highlights pdf (1723 k).