Philosophy term paper on abortion
On writing a philosophy ophical writing is different from the writing you'll be asked to do in other courses. Nor should you assume that every writing guideline you've been given by other teachers is important when you're writing a philosophy paper. You should assume that your audience does not already accept your position; and you should treat your paper as an attempt to persuade such an audience. Good philosophy paper is modest and makes a small point; but it makes that point clearly and straightforwardly, and it offers good reasons in support of very often attempt to accomplish too much in a philosophy paper. The usual result of this is a paper that's hard to read, and which is full of inadequately defended and poorly explained claims. Done properly, philosophy moves at a slow aim of these papers is for you to show that you understand the material and that you're able to think critically about it. To do this, your paper does have to show some independent doesn't mean you have to come up with your own theory, or that you have to make a completely original contribution to human thought. An ideal paper will be clear and straightforward (see below), will be accurate when it attributes views to other philosophers (see below), and will contain thoughtful critical responses to the texts we read. Merely summarizing what others have said won't be stages of early stages of writing a philosophy paper include everything you do before you sit down and write your first draft. These early stages will involve writing, but you won't yet be trying to write a complete paper. You should instead be taking notes on the readings, sketching out your ideas, trying to explain the main argument you want to advance, and composing an s the issues with i said above, your papers are supposed to demonstrate that you understand and can think critically about the material we discuss in class. I've discovered time and again while teaching philosophy that i couldn't really explain properly some article or argument i thought i understood. This will help you understand the issues better, and it will make you recognize what things you still don't fully 's even more valuable to talk to each other about what you want to argue in your paper.
When you have your ideas worked out well enough that you can explain them to someone else, verbally, then you're ready to sit down and start making an you begin writing any drafts, you need to think about the questions: in what order should you explain the various terms and positions you'll be discussing? Strongly recommend that you make an outline of your paper, and of the arguments you'll be presenting, before you begin to write. This lets you organize the points you want to make in your paper and get a sense for how they are going to fit together. It also helps ensure that you're in a position to say what your main argument or criticism is, before you sit down to write a full draft of your paper. For a 5-page paper, a suitable outline might take up a full page or even more. Find that making an outline is at least 80% of the work of writing a good philosophy paper. Writing a good philosophy paper takes a great deal of need to leave yourself enough time to think about the topic and write a detailed outline. So you should start working on your papers as soon as the paper topics are you've thought about your argument, and written an outline for your paper, then you're ready to sit down and compose a complete 't shoot for literary elegance. I guarantee you that this will make your paper your paper sounds as if it were written for a third-grade audience, then you've probably achieved the right sort of your philosophy classes, you will sometimes encounter philosophers whose writing is obscure and complicated. So do not try to emulate their writing the structure of your paper should make the structure of your paper obvious to the reader. Don't throw in a "thus" or a "therefore" to make your train of thought sound better-argued than it really r way you can help make the structure of your paper obvious is by telling the reader what you've done so far and what you're going to do next. The reader should never be in doubt about whose claims you're presenting in a given can't make the structure of your paper obvious if you don't know what the structure of your paper is, or if your paper has no structure. That's why making an outline is so concise, but explain yourself write a good philosophy paper, you need to be concise but at the same time explain yourself demands might seem to pull in opposite directions.
One or two well-mapped paths are better than an impenetrable ate the central problem or question you wish to address at the beginning of your paper, and keep it in mind at all times. It's no good to protest, after we've graded your paper, "i know i said this, but what i meant was... But if you write as if it were true, it will force you to explain any technical terms, to illustrate strange or obscure distinctions, and to be as explicit as possible when you summarize what some other philosopher fact, you can profitably take this one step further and pretend that your reader is lazy, stupid, and mean. If you understand the material you're writing about, and if you aim your paper at such a reader, you'll probably get an plenty of examples and is very important to use examples in a philosophy paper. For instance, suppose you're writing a paper about abortion, and you want to assert the claim "a fetus is a person. The author should be explicit about how he is using this a philosophy paper, it's okay to use words in ways that are somewhat different from the ways they're ordinarily used. And likewise for other 't vary your vocabulary just for the sake of you call something "x" at the start of your paper, call it "x" all the way through. In philosophy, a slight change in vocabulary usually signals that you intend to be speaking about something words with precise philosophical ophers give many ordinary-sounding words precise technical t the handouts on philosophical terms and methods to make sure you' these words correctly. Don't use words that you don't fully technical philosophical terms only where you need them. But you should explain any technical terms you use which bear on the specific topic you're discussing. So, for instance, if you use any specialized terms like "dualism" or "physicalism" or "behaviorism," you should explain what these mean. See my tips on how to read a philosophy paper for some help doing ask yourself: are x's arguments good ones? A lot of the work in philosophy is making sure that you've got your opponent's position can assume that your reader is stupid (see above).
Try to figure out what reasonable position the philosopher could have had in mind, and direct your arguments against your paper, you always have to explain what a position says before you criticize it. If the quoted passage contains an argument, reconstruct the argument in more explicit, straightforward terms. Paper doesn't always have to provide a definite solution to a problem, or a straight yes or no answer to a question. Hence, if these papers are right, the question will be harder to answer than we might previously have thought. These are all important and philosophically valuable it's ok to ask questions and raise problems in your paper even if you e satisfying answers to them all. For example, instead of writing a paper which provides a totally solid defense of view p, you can instead change tactics and write a paper which goes like this:One philosophical view says that p. Is not clear how the defender of p can overcome this you can write a paper which goes:One argument for p is the 'conjunction argument,' which goes as follows... Conclude that the conjunction argument does not in fact succeed in establishing g a paper of these sorts doesn't mean you've "given in" to the opposition. You should never introduce any points in your paper unless they're important to your main argument, and you have the room to really explain you're not happy with some sentence in your draft, ask yourself why it bothers you. Reading the paper out loud can help you notice holes in your reasoning, digressions, and unclear should count on writing many drafts of your paper. Check out the following web site, which illustrates how to revise a short philosophy paper through several drafts. Notice how much the paper improves with each revision:Don't begin with a sentence like "down through the ages, mankind has pondered the problem of... In a philosophy paper, it's ok to use this verb as much as you need most classes, i will put some articles and books on reserve in bobst library for additional reading.
These are optional, and are for your independent shouldn't need to use these secondary readings when writing your papers. The point of the papers is to teach you how to analyze a philosophical argument, and present your own arguments for or against some conclusion. The arguments we'll be considering in class are plenty hard enough to deserve your full attention, all by you write your paper as a dialogue or story? You need to master ordinary philosophical writing before you can do a good job with these more difficult to make your papers less than or equal to the assigned word limit. If a paper topic you've chosen asks certain questions, be sure you answer or address each of those double-space your papers, number the pages, and include wide margins. We prefer to get the papers simply stapled: no plastic binders or anything like e your name on the paper. But we will have no trouble agreeing about whether you do a good job arguing for your specifically, we'll be asking questions like these:Do you clearly state what you're trying to accomplish in your paper? For instance, is it clear what parts of your paper are expository, and what parts are your own positive contribution? Comments i find myself making on students' philosophy papers most often are these:"explain this claim" or "what do you mean by this? Kind of complaint that is common in undergraduate philosophy papers goes like this:Philosopher x assumes a and argues from there to b. If this is all you do in your paper, it won't be a strong paper and it will get a mediocre grade, even if it's are some more interesting things our student could have done in his paper. These would be more interesting and satisfying ways of engaging with philosopher x's ding to comments from me or your you have the opportunity to rewrite a graded paper, keep the following points in rewrites should try to go beyond the specific errors and problems we've indicated. If you got below an a-, then your draft was generally difficult to read, it was difficult to see what your argument was and what the structure of your paper was supposed to be, and so on.
Use your draft and the comments you received on it to construct a new outline, and write from in mind that when i or your ta grade a rewrite, we may sometimes notice weaknesses in unchanged parts of your paper that we missed the first time around. Or perhaps those weaknesses will have affected our overall impression of the paper, and we just didn't offer any specific recommendation about fixing them. So this is another reason you should try to improve the whole paper, not just the passages we comment is possible to improve a paper without improving it enough to raise it to the next grade level. But i hope you'll all do better than often, you won't have the opportunity to rewrite your papers after they've been graded. So you need to teach yourself to write a draft, scrutinize the draft, and revise and rewrite your paper before turning it in to be graded. Thanks to professor horban for allowing me to incorporate some of his suggestions lly, i owe a huge debt to the friends and professors who helped me learn how to write philosophy. It's all in the public licensing details are d and maintained work licensed d: 6-sep-12 11:35 on writing a philosophy purpose of the g for your g against a izing an ing the guides to writing purpose of the point of having you write a philosophy paper is for you to develop and practice certain important fundamental skills. They include the following: (1) the ability to comprehend, reconstruct, and analyze complex philosophical arguments; (2) the ability to critically evaluate such arguments; (3) the ability to argue persuasively for your own views; and (4) the ability to articulate your thoughts in a clear, concise, and well-organized students believe that there are no right or wrong answers in philosophy. In actuality, the position a student takes in his/her paper is irrelevant to my assessment of it. Your paper will be evaluated, not on the basis of the position taken, but on the basis of the strength of the arguments presented. This should make the task more interesting for you and will thereby increase your chances of writing a good paper. So unless you define your thesis at the onset, you won't know what to write since you won't know what you are arguing thesis should narrow the focus of your paper. But, of course, it isn't possible to consider every important philosophical issue concerning euthanasia in a term paper.
For instance, if your thesis is that it is morally wrong for a woman who is eight and half months pregnant to have an abortion just so she can fly to hawaii for a vacation, the response to your paper is likely to be: "so what? That is, you needn't choose between the claim that abortion is always wrong and the claim that abortion is always permissible. Instead, you could argue for something like the claim that abortion is permissible in the case of rape, and you wouldn't even have to take stand on any other cases of abortion. Your thesis could be that x's argument against abortion is unsound (where x is one of the authors you read). Although this thesis doesn't establishe anything about the morality of abortion, it is still perfectly good thesis. On the other hand, you also don't thesis to absurd; you don't want your thesis to be so controversial that you have no chance of persuading g for your g a philosophy paper involves more than simply stating your opinions. That is, try to anticipate what objections might be raised against your views and then, in your paper, demonstrate both that you are aware of these possible objections and that you can respond to them. So if, for instance, you want to argue that abortion is morally wrong, you shouldn't begin by assuming that the fetus has a right to life. For you should think of your paper as an attempt to persuade someone of the opposing view, and if you are to have any chance of persuading such a person, you must first find some common ground from which to build your arguments. Good example of what i have in mind here is judith jarvis thomson's arguments in "a defence of abortion. 1 in this paper, thomson argues that abortion is morally permissible where the woman is pregnant as the result of being raped. Now what makes thomson's arguments so compelling is that they are based on assumptions that even the most extreme anti-abortionist (i. One who holds that abortion is always wrong) would likely n asks you to imagine waking up some morning to find yourself connected to an unconscious violinist suffering from a potentially fatal kidney disease.
But from this rather benign assumption thomson is able to argue that abortion is sometimes permissible even if the fetus has a right to life. Thus thomson concludes that it is permissible to have an abortion in certain circumstances (i. The case of rape) even if the fetus has a right to life from the moment of g against a following are two of the most common strategies for arguing against a claim (you may find it useful to employ these strategies in your own paper. In other words, i am not interested in papers that contest the empirical assertions made in the lectures and readings. So if, for instance, your paper is about abortion, don't get too involved in empirical issues such as whether or not the fetus is sentient or self-aware. If abortion and murder were the same thing, then one could say that jack the ripper aborted many women. Of course, most people would understand that what you meant was that abortion is a form of murder. This is where one fails to express what s/he means e: "abortion is not the best solution to an unwanted pregnancy. Does this mean that although you think that abortion is morally permissible, you believe that it would be preferable for women with unwanted pregnancies to carry them to term and then put their unwanted children up for adoption? Or, are you claiming that it is human in the morally relevant sense of that term, the sense in which we think you and i are human but someone in a persistent vegetative state is not? Word must be defined if any of following apply: (1) it is a technical term that a layperson is not likely to know the meaning of; (2) it is an ordinary word whose meaning is not sufficiently clear or precise; or (3) it is an ordinary word that is going to be used to mean something other than what it ordinarily means. For instance, in regards to abortion, it is not clear whether abortion necessarily involves killing the fetus. If a fetus is forcibly extracted by a physician and lives, was it an abortion?
Our ordinary notion of abortion isn't precise enough to settle the , if you are going to use an ordinary word to mean something other than what it ordinarily means, you must make this clear to your reader. Even if some point is interesting and pertains to your general topic, it still doesn't belong in your paper unless it is part of the defense of your illustrate, let's suppose that you are writing a paper on euthanasia and your thesis is that active euthanasia is never morally permissible. Now one thing that would be relevant to such a paper is a definition of euthanasia. If, for instance, your paper is on abortion, you shouldn't waste limited space with some irrelevant and long-winded spiel about what an important and controversial issue abortion introduction is best thought of as a reader's guide to your paper. It should help make it easier for the reader to follow and understand your paper. Also, it is sometimes useful if the introduction maps out for the reader the structure of your paper, explaining the order in which you will argue for various points and then explaining how all those points come together in support of your following is an example of the type of introduction i am looking for (it is mary anne warren's introduction to her paper "on the moral and legal status of abortion. 7):We will be concerned with both the moral status of abortion, which for our purposes we may define as the act which a woman performs in voluntarily terminating, or allowing another person to terminate, her pregnancy, and the legal status which is appropriate for this act. I will argue that, while it is not possible to produce a satisfactory defense of a woman's right to obtain an abortion without showing that a fetus is not a human being, in the morally relevant sense of that term, we ought not to conclude that the difficulties involved in determining whether or not a fetus is human make it impossible to produce any satisfactory solution to the problem of the moral status of abortion. For it is possible to show that, on the basis of intuitions which we may expect even the opponents of abortion to share, a fetus is not a person, and hence not the sort of entity to which it is proper to ascribe full moral should imagine that you are writing, not for your instructor or ta, but for an intelligent and knowledgeable layperson who knows almost nothing about philosophy. Thus you should explain all technical terms, and you should use examples wherever this will help to illustrate your points. So you may ask yourself, "why do i have to explain terms that my instructor/ta is already quite familiar with? In other words, don't turn in a bunch of half crumbled sheets of paper which you haven't even bothered to staple together. Your paper should be neatly typed, double-spaced, in twelve-point font with one inch margins all around.
Always make and retain a photocopy of your ry to what you may have been taught in high school, there is nothing wrong with using the first person in your paper. For instance, the fact that you believe that abortion is wrong is no reason for anyone else to believe that it is so. Thus there is no reason to talk about what you believe and feel in a thesis-defense paper. Simply stating that you believe your thesis to be true isn't likely to convince anyone that it are many sources of help available to students writing philosophy papers. This is a shame, because those who do seek help seem to get more out of the assignment while at the same time improving their ing office hours and participating in class discussions are probably two of the best ways to prepare yourself to write a philosophy paper. Strongly recommend submitting a rough draft of your paper to your instructor if s/he is willing comment on it. The draft you turn in should be as good a paper as you are capable of writing. Writing a philosophy paper is hard work, but it can also be interesting and rewarding when you write on an issue that intrigues you. Your outline should sketch out all your arguments and map out the structure of your paper. All too often, if you haven't thought out your paper carefully enough in advance, you'll end up writing paragraphs and perhaps even pages of useless prose. Don't be afraid to start over from scratch if your paper isn't developing as you would five (take a break): at this point, you should take a break (anywhere from a few days to a week) so that when you come back to paper you'll have a fresh perspective on it. You'll be surprised at how those arguments that seemed clear and well put a week ago now seem unclear and poorly six (go over your arguments with a critical eye): at this point you should come back to your paper refreshed. Try to respond to whatever potential criticisms they come up with, and decide how to incorporate your responses into your paper.
Alternatively, you can consider all potential objections at the end of your seven (write your paper): write your paper following your outline. The conclusion should restate your thesis and rehearse the main line of eight (proofread your paper): after you finish writing, take a break again for a few days. New york, ny: the modern language association, 1988), need to log in or sign up for a new account in order to please enter your email to proceedforgot password your emailthis is an obligatory will receive an email that will help you to change your have just sent temporary password to your these details to ntative essay on abortion: pros and cons. Dec 2016—writing on is a controversial topic due to the fact that it touches sensitive issues within the realms of morality, philosophy and ethics. Whether during presidential elections, in a college class, in argumentative essay writing on abortion or simply during a friendly discussion, the debate on abortion and if it should be legal is an ongoing matter similar to one side of the spectrum there are people who believe it is the same as committing a murder, while others believe that it is the right of the parent to decide and that as the baby is not born, this does not constitute as a murder. Writing such type of a paper and its pros and cons is difficult, but not ntative essay on abortion: where to most argumentative essays on abortion, people tend to focus more on their personal belief on the matter, rather than the facts. In order to write an abortion essay that is of value, you should start by stripping yourself of any prejudice and emotion you might have regarding the some help with your argumentative essay on abortion? With that in mind, depending on the lengths you are willing to go when writing an abortion essays, you should start with to do proper g with pros and cons on the matter, you might find yourself in a closed cycle, being unable to find the proper information you need. That's why for an argumentative paper on abortion you should focus on proper sources for your research. These include scientific papers and philosophical ing on whether you are arguing for pro-choice or pro-life you might want to focus on a different spectrum or engage with your writing in a different pro-choice and pro-life beliefs and how to present them in an papers that have pros and cons included focus either on the pro-choice or pro-life beliefs. Good way to write an abortion essay would be to check out the arguments of the opposite side of the debate compared to the one you are on and try to make good arguments to validate what you believe sure to keep your argumentative essays on abortion or any similar paper factual, to do your research properly and to make your arguments in a scientific or philosophical manner. This will ensure that our essay writing services and your paper will achieve great hope that now you know how to write an argumentative essay on abortion. Essayannotated bibliographyargumentative essayarticle (any type)article reviewassignmentbook/movie reviewbusiness plancapstone projectcase studycontent (any type)courseworkcreative writingcritical thinkingdissertationdissertation chapteressay (any type)lab reportmath problempresentation or speechq&aresearch paperresearch proposalresearch summaryscholarship essayspeechstatistic projectterm is the best custom essay writing ines for writing a formal lab report for to buy research papers can i pay someone to write my i do my homework or new orders and track progress on current orders anytime and y policy / terms of need to log in or sign up for a new account in order to please enter your email to proceedforgot password your emailthis is an obligatory will receive an email that will help you to change your have just sent temporary password to your these details to ntative essay on abortion: pros and cons.
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