Proposal report in technical writing
Reports & report t-specific sional, technical ive workplace tizing your concerns for effective business in business : a design procedure for routine business business ss letters: accentuating the letters: four point action on request cal reports & report g report s, proposals, and technical ty and postmortem on in business ss writing for administrative and clerical staff. How to navigate the new printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at s, proposals, and technical file: reports, proposals, and technical resource is enhanced by a powerpoint ad the free microsoft powerpoint the owl you're requesting copies of this the owl you're linking to this ght ©1995-2017 by the writing lab & the owl at purdue and purdue rights reserved. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair te this simply, deadlines for submitting proposals are not negotiable. For that reason, it's essential that you allow plenty of time for researching, writing, and revising your proposal. Of key words g tips & ation & ping effective ping effective ly confused h as a second d april 28, composition — especially in business writing and technical writing— a proposal is a document that offers a solution to a problem or a course of action in response to a a form of persuasive writing, proposals attempt to convince the recipient to act in accordance with the writer's intent and includes such as examples as internal proposals, external proposals, grant proposals, and sales al proposals, on the other hand, are designed to show how one organization can meet the needs of another and may be either solicited, meaning in response to a request, or unsolicited, meaning without any assurance that the proposal will even be considered. Kolin puts it in "successful writing at work," the most common external proposal whose "purpose is to sell your company's brand, its products or services for a set fee. He continues that regardless of the length, a sales proposal must offer a detailed description of the work the writer proposes to do and can be used as a marketing tool to entice potential y, a grant proposal is a document composed or application completed in response to a call for proposals issued by a grant-making agency. The two main components of a grant proposal are a formal application for funding and a detailed report on what activities the grant will support if ch proposalswhen enrolled in an academic or writer-in-residence program, a student may be asked to write another unique form of proposal, the research form requires the writer to describe the intended research in full detail, including the problem the research is addressing, why it's important, what research has been conducted before in this field, and how the student's project will accomplish something eth a. Wentz describes this process in "how to design, write, and present a successful dissertation proposal," as "your plan for creating new knowledge. Wentz also emphasizes the importance of writing these in order to provide structure and focus to the objectives and methodology of the project "designing and managing your research project" david thomas and ian d. Hodges also note that the research proposal is a time to shop the idea and project out to peers in the same field, who can provide valuable insight into the project's and hodges note that "colleagues, supervisors, community representatives, potential research participants and others can look at the details of what you are planning to do and provide feedback," which can help solidify methodology and importance as well as catch any mistakes the writer may have made in his or her te this cts in articles, reports, and s to all your questions about planet to write a proposal for your web design c sweet and spicy festival turkey is technical writing? Of this l scenarios for the sections in ts and ption of the proposed , procedure, , resources l project-specific zation of letter with separate memo with separate ss-letter l assignment on checklist for : business & technical ey associates technical communication village: social media chapter focuses on the proposal—the kind of document that gets you or your organization approved or hired to do a sure to check out the you get started, make sure you understand the definition we're using for proposals. Also, if you are taking a technical writing course, make sure you understand the proposal assignment—not to write just any proposal but one that, at least in part, proposes to write proposals. To begin planning a proposal, remember the basic definition: a proposal is an offer or bid to do a certain project for someone.
Proposals may contain other elements—technical background, recommendations, results of surveys, information about feasibility, and so on. But what makes a proposal a proposal is that it asks the audience to approve, fund, or grant permission to do the proposed you plan to be a consultant or run your own business, written proposals may be one of your most important tools for bringing in business. And, if you work for a government agency, nonprofit organization, or a large corporation, the proposal can be a valuable tool for initiating projects that benefit the organization or you the employee-proposer (and usually both). Proposal should contain information that would enable the audience of that proposal to decide whether to approve the project, to approve or hire you to do the work, or both. To write a successful proposal, put yourself in the place of your audience—the recipient of the proposal—and think about what sorts of information that person would need to feel confident having you do the 's easy to get confused about proposals, or at least the type of proposal you'll be writing here. It's more like a feasibility report, which studies the merits of a project and then recommends for or against it. Now, all it would take to make this document a proposal would be to add elements that ask management for approval for you to go ahead with the project. Certainly, some proposals must sell the projects they offer to do, but in all cases proposals must sell the writer (or the writer's organization) as the one to do the of proposals. This public announcement—called a request for proposals (rfp)—could be issued through newspapers, trade journals, chamber of commerce channels, or individual letters. Firms or individuals interested in the project would then write proposals in which they summarize their qualifications, project schedules and costs, and discuss their approach to the project. The recipient of all these proposals would then evaluate them, select the best candidate, and then work up a proposals come about much less formally. She might respond by saying, "write me a proposal and i'll present it to upper management. As you can see from these examples, proposals can be divided into several categories:Internal, external. With internal proposals, you may not have to include certain sections (such as qualifications) or as much information in them.
An external proposal is one written from one separate, independent organization or individual to another such entity. Typically, a company will send out requests for proposals (rfps) through the mail or publish them in some news source. But proposals can be solicited on a very local level: for example, you could be explaining to your boss what a great thing it would be to install a new technology in the office; your boss might get interested and ask you to write up a proposal that offered to do a formal study of the idea. With unsolicited proposals, you sometimes must convince the recipient that a problem or need exists before you can begin the main part of the options for the proposal assignment. Another option is to write an academic proposal—you address it to your instructor and make no pretence of realism. See an example of this type of l scenarios for the gets a bit tricky dreaming up a good technical report project and then a proposal project that proposes at least in part to write that report. It sends out a request for proposals; you receive one and respond with a proposal. You write a proposal to give the seminar—included in the package deal is a guide or handbook that the people attending the seminar will want to write a business prospectus for the kind of business you intend to start up. Imagine that you want a top-quality prospectus and don't have the time or expertise to prepare one; therefore, you send out request for proposals to professional consultants. You receive a request for proposals from this agency to write some sort of simplified guide or startup er using this planning guide for report-oriented sections in following is a review of the sections you'll commonly find in proposals. Don't assume that each one of them has to be in the actual proposal you write, nor that they have to be in the order they are presented here—plus you may discover that other kinds of information not mentioned here must be included in your particular you read the following on common sections in proposals, check out the example proposals listed at the start of this chapter. Make sure it does all of the following things (but not necessarily in this order) that apply to your particular proposal:Indicate that the document to follow is a to some previous contact with the recipient of the proposal or to your source of information about the one brief motivating statement that will encourage the recipient to read on and to consider doing the project (if it's an unsolicited or competitive proposal) and you to do the an overview of the contents of the a look at the introductions in the first two example proposals listed at the beginning of this chapter, and try to identify these ound on the problem, opportunity, or situation. An owner of pine timber land in east texas may want to get the land productive of saleable timber without destroying the 's true that the audience of the proposal may know the problem very well, in which case this section might not be needed. Writing the background section still might be useful, however, in demonstrating your particular view of the problem.
And, if the the proposal is unsolicited, a background section is almost a requirement—you will probably need to convince the audience that the problem or opportunity exists and that it should be ts and feasibility of the proposed project. In the forestry proposal, the proposer recommends that the landowner make an investment; at the end of the proposal, he explores the question of the potential return on that investment. In the unsolicited proposal, this section is particularly important—you are trying to "sell" the audience on the tic view of tic view of proposals—ption of the proposed work (results of the project). In a technical writing course, that means describing the written document you propose to write, its audience and purpose; providing an outline; and discussing such things as its length, graphics, binding, and so forth. In some proposals, you'll want to explain how you'll go about doing the proposed work. Remember that the background section (the one discussed above) focused on the problem or need that brings about the proposal. However, in this section, you discuss the technical background relating to the procedures or technology you plan to use in the proposed work. For example, in the forestry proposal, the writer gives a bit of background on how timber management is done. Once again, this gives you the proposal writer a chance to show that you know what you are talking about and to build confidence in the le. Most proposals contain a section that shows not only the projected completion date but also key milestones for the project. If you are doing a large project spreading over many months, the timeline would also show dates on which you would deliver progress reports. Most proposals contain a summary of the proposing individual's or organization's qualifications to do the proposed work. Most proposals also contain a section detailing the costs of the project, whether internal or external. The final paragraph or section of the proposal should bring readers back to a focus on the positive aspects of the project (you've just showed them the costs).
Remember that the preceding sections are typical or common in written proposals, not absolute requirements. Of for the organization of the content of a proposal, remember that it is essentially a sales, or promotional kind of thing. Here are the basic steps it goes through:You introduce the proposal, telling the readers its purpose and present the background—the problem, opportunity, or situation that brings about the proposed project. Get the reader concerned about the problem, excited about the opportunity, or interested in the what you propose to do about the problem, how you plan to help the readers take advantage of the opportunity, how you intend to help them with the s the benefits of doing the proposed project, the advantages that come from approving be exactly what the completed project would consist of, what it would look like, how it would work—describe the results of the s the method and theory or approach behind that method—enable readers to understand how you'll go about the proposed e a schedule, including major milestones or checkpoints in the y list your qualifications for the project; provide a mini-resume of the background you have that makes you right for the (and only now), list the costs of the project, the resources you'll need to do the de with a review of the benefits of doing the project (in case the shock from the costs section was too much), and urge the audience to get in touch or to accept the the overall logic of the movement through these section: you get them concerned about a problem or interested in an opportunity, then you get them excited about how you'll fix the problem or do the project, then you show them what good qualifications you have—then hit them with the costs, but then come right back to the good points about the have the following options for the format and packaging of your proposal. It does not matter which you use as long as you use the memorandum format for internal proposals and the business-letter format for external letter or memo with separate proposal: in this format, you write a brief "cover" letter or memo and attach the proposal proper after it. The cover letter or memo briefly announces that a proposal follows and outlines the contents of it. Notice, however, that the introduction to the proposal proper that follows the cover letter or memo repeats much of what preceded. This is because the letter or memo may get detached from the proposal or the recipient may not even bother to look at the letter or memo and just dive right into the proposal idated business-letter or memo proposal: in this format, you consolidate the entire proposal with a standard business letter or memo. That uses the consolidated memo format (left) and a proposal that is separate from its cover letter (right). Assignment er that, in a technical writing course, the proposal assignment serves several purposes: (1) to give you some experience in writing a proposal; (2) to get you started planning your term report; (3) to give your instructor a chance to work with you on your report project, to make sure you've got something workable. For the second and third reasons, you need to include certain specific contents in (or with) your proposal, some of which may not seem appropriate in a real-world proposal. If it doesn't fit in the proposal proper, put it in a memo to your instructor as is done in first example proposal listed at the beginning of this 's a checklist of what to include somewhere in the proposal or in an attached memo to the instructor:Audience: describe the audience of the proposal and the proposed report (they may be different) in terms of the organization they work for, their titles and jobs, their technical background, their ability to understand the report you propose to ion: describe the intended audience of the proposal: who they are, what they do, what their level of knowledge and background on the proposal topic is. Describe the situation in which the proposal is written and in which the project is needed: what problems or needs are there? Type: explain what type of report you intend to write: is it a technical background report?
Provide enough explanation so that your instructor can see that you understand the type of report. See the chapter on types of ation sources: list information sources; make sure you know that there is adequate information for your topic; list specific books, articles, reference works, other kinds of sources that you think will contribute to your cs: list the graphics you think your report will need according to their type and their content. If you can't think of any your report would need, you may not have a good topic—do some brainstorming with your instructor. Include an outline of the topics and subtopics you think you'll cover in your on checklist for you reread and revise your proposal, watch out for problems such as the following:Make sure you use the right format. Remember, the memo format is for internal proposals; the business-letter format is for proposals written from one external organization to another. A good introduction as discused in the sure to identify exactly what you are proposing to sure that a report—a written document—is somehow involved in the project you are proposing to do. Remember that in a technical writing course we are trying to do two things: write a proposal and plan a term-report sure the sections are in a logical, natural order. Include your qualifications—imagine your proposal will go to somebody in the organization who doesn't know sure and address the proposal to the real or realistic audience—not your instructor. You can use your instructor's name as the ceo or supervisor of the organization you are sending the proposal to. Yes, some of your proposal readers may know the technical side of your project—but others may not. Challenge yourself to bring difficult technical concepts down to a level that nonspecialists can sure to include all the information listed in "special assignment requirements. If it doesn't logically or naturally fit in the proposal itself, put it in a memo to your your project approved and us where you are located! If it doesn't logically or naturally fit in the proposal itself, put it in a memo to your ing business reports and ss reports are used as a way of communicating to other businesses and investors the successes and future plans of the company. Typically, a business report will start with a formal introduction that states a problem the business aims to solve.
Then, the body of the report gives facts and hypothesis used to solve these problem/s. The conclusion will tie up all loose ends and give goals to be reached in future business g a business writing a business report, it is important to remember the following tips:Know the audience that will be reading the a professional and objective business e factual information that proves your ze this factual data in easy-to-read charts and all sections well-organized and in an easy-to-navigate audience of the report should be identified early in the writing process. An audience’s background, knowledge, and need for the information need to be characterized for the report to be usable. In answering these questions early in the writing process, the author will be able to anticipate questions the reader might er when compiling a business report that it needs to hold the interest of the reader. There should be enough factual information to make the report credible, but not so much dry, technical language as to lose the reader on the first page. By interspersing charts, graphs, and pictures, the author will increase the likelihood that the report will hold the reader’s interest and is always a beneficial to begin the report with an eye-catching picture or question. This can persuade the reader to read further to find the answer or to see how the picture fits into the overall report. A business report should be written assuming the reader has little knowledge of the company because these reports are read by those in and out of the organization. Business reports should have a cohesive message so readers to not draw incorrect is important to include graphics in a report. Trend graphs are also known as x/y scatter es: pictures and illustrations are useful in manuals or instructions to show the subject you are writing about. They can also make a document more interesting and cs are powerful tools in report writing but they are not always appropriate. If there is not a place for a graph or other graphic in the report do not try to force one in. Keep the reader in mind when selecting these details because too many technical details may be difficult to understand. The details should support the purpose of the report and be necessary for the reader to be composing a business report or any report requiring factual information it is important to conduct research.
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