Quantitative methods and analysis

Analysis refers to economic, business or financial analysis that aims to understand or predict behavior or events through the use of mathematical measurements and calculations, statistical modeling and research. Quantitative analysis is employed for a number of reasons, including measurement, performance evaluation or valuation of a financial instrument, and predicting real world events such as changes in a country's gross domestic product (gdp) growth ng down 'quantitative analysis'. General terms, quantitative analysis can best be understood as simply a way of measuring or evaluating things through the examination of mathematical values of variables. The primary advantage of quantitative analysis is that it involves studying precise, definitive values that can easily be compared with each other, such as a company's year-over-year revenues or earnings. In the financial world, analysts who rely strictly on quantitative analysis are frequently referred to as "quants" or "quant jockeys. Governments and central banks commonly track and evaluate statistical data such as gdp and employment uses of quantitative analysis in investing include the calculation and evaluation of key financial ratios such as the price-earnings ratio (p/e) or earnings per share (eps). Quantitative analysis ranges from examination of simple statistical data such as revenue, to complex calculations such as discounted cash flow or option tative vs. Qualitative quantitative analysis serves as a very useful evaluation tool by itself, it is often combined with the complementary research and evaluation tool of qualitative analysis. For example, it is easy for a company to use quantitative analysis to evaluate figures such as sales revenue, profit margins or return on assets (roa), but the company may also wish to evaluate information that is not easily reducible to mathematical values, such as its brand reputation or internal employee a combined qualitative and quantitative analysis project, a company, analyst or investor might wish to evaluate the strength of a particular product that a company manufactures and sells. The qualitative analysis part of the project can be undertaken using tools such as customer surveys that ask consumers for their opinions about the product. A quantitative analysis of the product can also be initiated through the examination of data regarding numbers of repeat customers, customer complaints and the number of warranty claims over a given period of on analysis - t with with with investopedia.

2017, investopedia, sity of southern zing your social sciences research zing your social sciences research paper: quantitative purpose of this guide is to provide advice on how to develop and organize a research paper in the social of research flaws to ndent and dependent ry of research terms. An oral g with g someone else's to manage group of structured group project survival g a book le book review ing collected g a field informed g a policy g a research tative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular , earl r. London: sage publications, teristics of quantitative goal in conducting quantitative research study is to determine the relationship between one thing [an independent variable] and another [a dependent or outcome variable] within a population. Quantitative research designs are either descriptive [subjects usually measured once] or experimental [subjects measured before and after a treatment]. Quantitative research focuses on numeric and unchanging data and detailed, convergent reasoning rather than divergent reasoning [i. Main characteristics are:The data is usually gathered using structured research results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high cher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers are aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual t can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or investigate causal cher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to collect numerical overarching aim of a quantitative research study is to classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is to keep in mind when reporting the results of a study using quantitative methods:Explain the data collected and their statistical treatment as well as all relevant results in relation to the research problem you are investigating. Government agency], you still must report on the methods that were used to gather the data and describe any missing data that exists and, if there is any, provide a clear explanation why the missing data does not undermine the validity of your final , earl r. Los angeles, ca: sage, research design for quantitative designing a quantitative research study, you must decide whether it will be descriptive or experimental because this will dictate how you gather, analyze, and interpret the results. An experimental design includes subjects measured before and after a particular treatment, the sample population may be very small and purposefully chosen, and it is intended to establish causality between introduction to a quantitative study is usually written in the present tense and from the third person point of view. It covers the following information:Identifies the research problem -- as with any academic study, you must state clearly and concisely the research problem being s the literature -- review scholarship on the topic, synthesizing key themes and, if necessary, noting studies that have used similar methods of inquiry and analysis.

Methods section of a quantitative study should describe how each objective of your study will be achieved. Be sure to provide enough detail to enable the reader can make an informed assessment of the methods being used to obtain results associated with the research problem. The methods section should be presented in the past population and sampling -- where did the data come from; how robust is it; note where gaps exist or what was excluded. Collection – describe the tools and methods used to collect information and identify the variables being measured; describe the methods used to obtain the data; and, note if the data was pre-existing [i. Note that no data set is perfect--describe any limitations in methods of gathering analysis -- describe the procedures for processing and analyzing the data. If appropriate, describe the specific instruments of analysis used to study each research objective, including mathematical techniques and the type of computer software used to manipulate the finding of your study should be written objectively and in a succinct and precise format. In quantitative studies, it is common to use graphs, tables, charts, and other non-textual elements to help the reader understand the data. Further information about how to effectively present data using charts and graphs can be found tical analysis -- how did you analyze the data? Of trends, comparison of groups, or relationships among variables -- describe any trends that emerged from your analysis and explain all unanticipated and statistical insignificant sion of implications – what is the meaning of your results? Doing quantitative research in the social sciences: an integrated approach to research design, measurement and statistics. Kennesaw state ths of using quantitative tative researchers try to recognize and isolate specific variables contained within the study framework, seek correlation, relationships and causality, and attempt to control the environment in which the data is collected to avoid the risk of variables, other than the one being studied, accounting for the relationships the specific strengths of using quantitative methods to study social science research problems:Allows for a broader study, involving a greater number of subjects, and enhancing the generalization of the results;.

Generally, quantitative methods are designed to provide summaries of data that support generalizations about the phenomenon under study. In order to accomplish this, quantitative research usually involves few variables and many cases, and employs prescribed procedures to ensure validity and reliability;. Los angeles, ca: sage, tions of using quantiative tative methods presume to have an objective approach to studying research problems, where data is controlled and measured, to address the accumulation of facts, and to determine the causes of behavior. As a consequence, the results of quantitative research may be statistically significant but are often humanly specific limitations associated with using quantitative methods to study research problems in the social sciences include:Quantitative data is more efficient and able to test hypotheses, but may miss contextual detail;. University of southern tative and qualitative research skillsyouneed:8 types of learning tanding your preferences to aid al thinking al thinking and fake g a dissertation or uction to research tative and qualitative research ative research iews for ative data from tative research ng and sample s and survey ational research and secondary ing research ing qualitative statistical tical analysis: identifying ariate our new research methods of the skills you need guide for ng, coaching, mentoring and ability skills for ibe to our free newsletter and start improving your life in just 5 minutes a 'll get our 5 free 'one minute life skills' and our weekly 'll never share your email address and you can unsubscribe at any tative and qualitative research also: surveys and survey ch methods are split broadly into quantitative and qualitative you choose will depend on your research questions, your underlying philosophy of research, and your preferences and pages introduction to research methods and designing research set out some of the issues about the underlying page provides an introduction to the broad principles of qualitative and quantitative research methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of each in particular tative research is “explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analysed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics). Tative research is perhaps the simpler to define and data produced are always numerical, and they are analysed using mathematical and statistical methods. If there are no numbers involved, then it’s not quantitative phenomena obviously lend themselves to quantitative analysis because they are already available as numbers. However, even phenomena that are not obviously numerical in nature can be examined using quantitative e: turning opinions into you wish to carry out statistical analysis of the opinions of a group of people about a particular issue or element of their lives, you can ask them to express their relative agreement with statements and answer on a five- or seven-point scale, where 1 is strongly disagree, 2 is disagree, 3 is neutral, 4 is agree and 5 is strongly agree (the seven-point scale also has slightly agree/disagree). Scales are called likert scales, and enable statements of opinion to be directly translated into numerical development of likert scales and similar techniques mean that most phenomena can be studied using quantitative is particularly useful if you are in an environment where numbers are highly valued and numerical data is considered the ‘gold standard’. It is important to note that quantitative methods are not necessarily the most suitable methods for investigation. It is also possible that assigning numbers to fairly abstract constructs such as personal opinions risks making them spuriously s of quantitative most common sources of quantitative data include:Surveys, whether conducted online, by phone or in person.

Which may either involve counting the number of times that a particular phenomenon occurs, such as how often a particular word is used in interviews, or coding observational data to translate it into numbers; ary data, such as company pages on survey design and observational research provide more information about these ing quantitative are a wide range of statistical techniques available to analyse quantitative data, from simple graphs to show the data through tests of correlations between two or more items, to statistical significance. Other techniques include cluster analysis, useful for identifying relationships between groups of subjects where there is no obvious hypothesis, and hypothesis testing, to identify whether there are genuine differences between page statistical analysis provides more information about some of the simpler statistical ative research is any which does not involve numbers or numerical often involves words or language, but may also use pictures or photographs and any phenomenon can be examined in a qualitative way, and it is often the preferred method of investigation in the uk and the rest of europe; us studies tend to use quantitative methods, although this distinction is by no means ative analysis results in rich data that gives an in-depth picture and it is particularly useful for exploring how and why things have r, there are some pitfalls to qualitative research, such as:If respondents do not see a value for them in the research, they may provide inaccurate or false information. See our page on reflective practice for s of qualitative gh qualitative data is much more general than quantitative, there are still a number of common techniques for gathering it. Data, including diaries, written accounts of past events, and company reports; ations, which may be on site, or under ‘laboratory conditions’, for example, where participants are asked to role-play a situation to show what they might pages on interviews for research, focus groups and observational research provide more information about these ing qualitative e qualitative data are drawn from a wide variety of sources, they can be radically different in are, therefore, a wide variety of methods for analysing them, many of which involve structuring and coding the data into groups and themes. The best way to work out which ones are right for your research is to discuss it with academic colleagues and your page analysing qualitative data provides more information about some of the most common y, it is important to say that there is no right and wrong answer to which methods you mes you may wish to use one single method, whether quantitative or qualitative, and sometimes you may want to use several, whether all one type or a mixture. It is your research and only you can decide which methods will suit both your research questions and your skills, even though you may wish to seek advice from ng and sample iews for g a research proposal | writing a ing qualitative data | simple statistical @hare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Univariate analysis subgroup comparisons focus on describing the people (or other unit of analysis) under study, whereas bivariate analysis focuses on the variables and empirical tative data analysis. Quantitative analysis involves the techniques researchers convert data to and subject them to statistical analyses. 5 likerttype scale into of variables iate analysis is is does not onships or more variables, e is more ptive rather ncy distribution is counts of the number se to a question or to the occurrence of enon of interest. Finally, the table is read by independent variable one another in terms of a ute of the dependent ariate analysis of the simultaneous relationships among. The effects of religious attendance, gender, and be and example of multivariate ariate relationship: religious attendance, gender, and : general social survey, 1972 – 2006, national opinion research ogical ogical diagnostics is a quantitative analysis determining the nature of social problems such or gender discrimination.

Can be used to replace opinions with facts and to s with data of gender and e family pattern, women as group ipated less in in the labor force and many only e the home after completing certain quantitative data analysis we classify features, , and even construct more complex statistical an attempt to explain what is gs can be generalized to a larger population, comparisons can be made between two corpora, as valid sampling and significance techniques , quantitative analysis allows us to discover ena are likely to be genuine reflections of or of a language or variety, and which are ment committee. Future-ready course - linkedin ng complex course - linkedin ication in the 21st century course - linkedin ative data n nigatu ative data analysis (steps). Natural sciences and social sciences, quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. 1] the objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories and hypotheses pertaining to phenomena. The process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships. Quantitative data is any data that is in numerical form such as statistics, percentages, etc. Social sciences, quantitative research is widely used in psychology, economics, demography, sociology, marketing, community health, health & human development, gender and political science, and less frequently in anthropology and history. Research in mathematical sciences such as physics is also 'quantitative' by definition, though this use of the term differs in context. In the social sciences, the term relates to empirical methods, originating in both philosophical positivism and the history of statistics, which contrast with qualitative research ative research produces information only on the particular cases studied, and any more general conclusions are only hypotheses. Comprehensive analysis of 1274 articles published in the top two american sociology journals between 1935 and 2005 found that roughly two thirds of these articles used quantitative method. Relationship with qualitative tative research is generally made using scientific methods, which can include:The generation of models, theories and development of instruments and methods for mental control and manipulation of tion of empirical ng and analysis of tative research is often contrasted with qualitative research, which is the examination, analysis and interpretation of observations for the purpose of discovering underlying meanings and patterns of relationships, including classifications of types of phenomena and entities, in a manner that does not involve mathematical models.

4] approaches to quantitative psychology were first modeled on quantitative approaches in the physical sciences by gustav fechner in his work on psychophysics, which built on the work of ernst heinrich weber. Although a distinction is commonly drawn between qualitative and quantitative aspects of scientific investigation, it has been argued that the two go hand in hand. For example, based on analysis of the history of science, kuhn concludes that “large amounts of qualitative work have usually been prerequisite to fruitful quantification in the physical sciences”. 5] qualitative research is often used to gain a general sense of phenomena and to form theories that can be tested using further quantitative research. For instance, in the social sciences qualitative research methods are often used to gain better understanding of such things as intentionality (from the speech response of the researchee) and meaning (why did this person/group say something and what did it mean to them? Quantitative investigation of the world has existed since people first began to record events or objects that had been counted, the modern idea of quantitative processes have their roots in auguste comte's positivist framework. Positivist scholars like comte believed only scientific methods rather than previous spiritual explanations for human behavior could tative methods are an integral component of the five angles of analysis fostered by the data percolation methodology,[7] which also includes qualitative methods, reviews of the literature (including scholarly), interviews with experts and computer simulation, and which forms an extension of data tative methods have limitations. Is the most widely used branch of mathematics in quantitative research outside of the physical sciences, and also finds applications within the physical sciences, such as in statistical mechanics. Quantitative research using statistical methods starts with the collection of data, based on the hypothesis or theory. Usually a big sample of data is collected – this would require verification, validation and recording before the analysis can take place. Quantitatively based opinion surveys are widely used in the media, with statistics such as the proportion of respondents in favor of a position commonly reported.

In the field of climate science, researchers compile and compare statistics such as temperature or atmospheric concentrations of carbon cal relationships and associations are also frequently studied by using some form of general linear model, non-linear model, or by using factor analysis. A fundamental principle in quantitative research is that correlation does not imply causation, although some such as clive granger suggest that a series of correlations can imply a degree of causality. Associations may be examined between any combination of continuous and categorical variables using methods of regarding the role of measurement in quantitative research are somewhat divergent. However, it has been argued that measurement often plays a more important role in quantitative research. 9] for example, kuhn argued that within quantitative research, the results that are shown can prove to be strange. This is because accepting a theory based on results of quantitative data could prove to be a natural phenomenon. This field is central to much quantitative research that is undertaken within the social tative research may involve the use of proxies as stand-ins for other quantities that cannot be directly measured. Although scientists cannot directly measure the temperature of past years, tree-ring width and other climate proxies have been used to provide a semi-quantitative record of average temperature in the northern hemisphere back to 1000 a. Most physical and biological sciences, the use of either quantitative or qualitative methods is uncontroversial, and each is used when appropriate. The majority tendency throughout the history of social science, however, is to use eclectic approaches-by combining both methods. Qualitative methods might be used to understand the meaning of the conclusions produced by quantitative methods.

Using quantitative methods, it is possible to give precise and testable expression to qualitative ideas. This combination of quantitative and qualitative data gathering is often referred to as mixed-methods research. The numerical factors such as two tablets, percent of elements and the time of waiting make the situations and results finance, quantitative research into the stock markets is used to develop models to price complex trades, and develop algorithms to exploit investment hypotheses, as seen in quantitative hedge funds and trading strategy tative marketing tative fication (science). Ries: quantitative researchhidden categories: cs1 maint: multiple names: authors listpages with citations having redundant parameterscs1 errors: datesarticles needing additional references from may 2009all articles needing additional referencesarticles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameterarticles needing expert attention from november 2009all articles needing expert attentionsociology articles needing expert logged intalkcontributionscreate accountlog pagecontentsfeatured contentcurrent eventsrandom articledonate to wikipediawikipedia out wikipediacommunity portalrecent changescontact links hererelated changesupload filespecial pagespermanent linkpage informationwikidata itemcite this a bookdownload as pdfprintable version.