Research papers whistle blowing

Retractions of scientific papers have increased about tenfold during the past decade, with many studies crumbling in cases of high-profile research misconduct that ranges from plagiarism to image manipulation to outright data fabrication. When worries about somebody's work reach a critical point, it falls to a peer, supervisor, junior partner or uninvolved bystander to decide whether to keep mum or step up and blow the whistle. Successful or otherwise, each case offers lessons for would-be ration: paddy analytical uri simonsohn sees himself as more of a data-whisperer than a whistle-blower. His day job as a social scientist at the university of pennsylvania in philadelphia involves scouring archival data — from house prices to auction records to college admissions — as part of his research into judgement and decision-making. It was this intuition that stirred when he first came across papers by dirk smeesters at erasmus university rotterdam in the netherlands and lawrence sanna at the university of michigan in ann arbor in the summer of 2011.

In one of sanna's papers, simonsohn noticed that one experiment — in which volunteers were supposedly split into different groups — produced results with uncannily similar standard deviations. He replicated his analyses on other papers by the same authors and found the same patterns, and he carried out negative controls, showing no suspicious patterns in the work of other psychologists who used the same set-ups. He still refrained from accusing anyone, liaising privately with smeesters, sanna and their co-authors, asking for raw data, outlining his concerns and asking if another party, such as a student or research assistant, could have tampered with the data. My working hypothesis was that it's not in your interest to fake if you're a researcher. By the summer of 2012, both smeesters and sanna had resigned from their posts, and several of their papers have since been retracted.

Simonsohn hopes that his actions will spur psychologists to instigate reforms to stem fraud — one option would be to require researchers to post raw data, thereby making them more open to checks by watchful data-sleuths. He also wants researchers to disclose more details of their work at the outset of an experiment, such as the variables to analyse or their planned sample sizes. Simonsohn, for his part, says he hopes that his new-found identity as a whistle-blower will morph into a different label, as “a person who looks carefully at data. University panels, the us office of research integrity (ori), and two courts of law have evaluated and dismissed her concerns. When bishayee reported data from an experiment that they thought was contaminated with mould, hill and her colleague accused him of fabricating the results and took their concerns to the university's committee on research integrity.

Qui tam can be a risky strategy, says david lewis, director of the research misconduct project at the nonprofit national whistleblower center in washington dc. Like her or not, francis has sparked a debate about how editors deal with anonymous tips, which are now poised to grow thanks to the proliferation of websites that allow anyone to publicly air grievances about research papers. One thing that editors and francis might agree on is that anonymous whistle-blowing is likely to increase, given the increased access to papers by people all around the world and the availability of online tools for spotting potential plagiarism and image manipulation. The growth here is a sign that whistle-blowers are not being protected enough within the academic environment, says kleinert. Stories and duct is the main cause of life-sciences retractions01 october 2012the roots of research misconduct01 august 2012the time is right to confront misconduct01 august 2012the time is right to confront misconduct01 august 2012the data detective03 july 2012science publishing: the trouble with retractions05 october writes about biology and medicine, and has a phd from the university of california, berkeley.

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