Research project objectives
Related slideshares at g research hed on may 7, you sure you want message goes you sure you want message goes you sure you want message goes scientist private scientist private you sure you want message goes you sure you want message goes h professor, adjunct at nevada state want to fix the "asses" you sure you want message goes wari t at university of er at faculty of ediate department head and english g research course - linkedin oint: designing better course - linkedin ng to teach course - linkedin objective of research . Ch questions and research al institute of technology karnataka( nitk ),ng the problem and determining research sent successfully.. You should still be able to navigate through these materials but selftest questions will not 1 introduction to research. General, research objectives describe what we expect to achieve by a ch objectives are usually expressed in lay terms and are directed as much to the client as to the researcher. Research objectives may be linked with a hypothesis or used as a statement of purpose in a study that does not have a if the nature of the research has not been clear to the layperson from the hypotheses, s/he should be able to understand the research from the objectives. Consider the following ive: to describe what factors farmers take into account in making such decisions as whether to adopt a new technology or what crops to ive: to develop a budget for reducing pollution by a particular ive: to describe the habitat of the giant panda in the above examples the intent of the research is largely the case of the first example, the research will end the study by being able to specify factors which emerged in household the second, the result will be the specification of a pollution reduction the third, creating a picture of the habitat of the giant panda in observations might prompt researchers to formulate hypotheses which could be tested in another piece of research. So long as the aim of the research is exploratory, ie to describe what is, rather than to test an explanation for what is, a research objective will provide an adequate guide to the browser does not support javascript. So long as the aim of the research is exploratory, ie to describe what is, rather than to test an explanation for what is, a research objective will provide an adequate guide to the ncbi web site requires javascript to tionresourceshow toabout ncbi accesskeysmy ncbisign in to ncbisign l listcan j surgv. As surgeons become more aware of the hierarchy of evidence, grades of recommendations and the principles of critical appraisal, they develop an increasing familiarity with research design. Surgeons and clinicians are looking more and more to the literature and clinical trials to guide their practice; as such, it is becoming a responsibility of the clinical research community to attempt to answer questions that are not only well thought out but also clinically relevant. The development of the research question, including a supportive hypothesis and objectives, is a necessary key step in producing clinically relevant results to be used in evidence-based practice. A well-defined and specific research question is more likely to help guide us in making decisions about study design and population and subsequently what data will be collected and analyzed.
Of this articlein this article, we discuss important considerations in the development of a research question and hypothesis and in defining objectives for research. By the end of this article, the reader will be able to appreciate the significance of constructing a good research question and developing hypotheses and research objectives for the successful design of a research study. The following article is divided into 3 sections: research question, research hypothesis and research ch questioninterest in a particular topic usually begins the research process, but it is the familiarity with the subject that helps define an appropriate research question for a study. 1 the challenge in developing an appropriate research question is in determining which clinical uncertainties could or should be studied and also rationalizing the need for their sing one’s knowledge about the subject of interest can be accomplished in many ways. In addition, awareness of current trends and technological advances can assist with the development of research questions. Canadian institute for health research) encourage applicants to conduct a systematic review of the available evidence if a recent review does not already exist and preferably a pilot or feasibility study before applying for a grant for a full -depth knowledge about a subject may generate a number of questions. Additional research questions can be developed, but several basic principles should be taken into consideration. Any additional questions should never compromise the primary question because it is the primary research question that forms the basis of the hypothesis and study objectives. It must be kept in mind that within the scope of one study, the presence of a number of research questions will affect and potentially increase the complexity of both the study design and subsequent statistical analyses, not to mention the actual feasibility of answering every question. A sensible strategy is to establish a single primary research question around which to focus the study plan. In a study, the primary research question should be clearly stated at the end of the introduction of the grant proposal, and it usually specifies the population to be studied, the intervention to be implemented and other circumstantial factors. And colleagues2 have suggested the use of the finer criteria in the development of a good research question (box 1).
The finer criteria highlight useful points that may increase the chances of developing a successful research project. A good research question should specify the population of interest, be of interest to the scientific community and potentially to the public, have clinical relevance and further current knowledge in the field (and of course be compliant with the standards of ethical boards and national research standards). 1finer criteria for a good research questionffeasibleadequate number of subjectsadequate technical expertiseaffordable in time and moneymanageable in scopeiinterestinggetting the answer intrigues investigator, peers and communitynnovelconfirms, refutes or extends previous findingseethicalamenable to a study that institutional review board will approverrelevantto scientific knowledgeto clinical and health policyto future researchview it in a separate windowadapted with permission from wolters kluwer health. The finer criteria outline the important aspects of the question in general, a useful format to use in the development of a specific research question is the pico format — consider the population (p) of interest, the intervention (i) being studied, the comparison (c) group (or to what is the intervention being compared) and the outcome of interest (o). Knowing the specific population of interest, intervention (and comparator) and outcome of interest may also help the researcher identify an appropriate outcome measurement tool. The more defined the population of interest, and thus the more stringent the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the greater the effect on the interpretation and subsequent applicability and generalizability of the research findings. Is the appropriate follow-up time to assess outcomeview it in a separate windowa poorly devised research question may affect the choice of study design, potentially lead to futile situations and, thus, hamper the chance of determining anything of clinical significance, which will then affect the potential for publication. Without devoting appropriate resources to developing the research question, the quality of the study and subsequent results may be compromised. During the initial stages of any research study, it is therefore imperative to formulate a research question that is both clinically relevant and ch hypothesisthe primary research question should be driven by the hypothesis rather than the data. 2 that is, the research question and hypothesis should be developed before the start of the study. Therefore, a good hypothesis must be based on a good research question at the start of a trial and, indeed, drive data collection for the research or clinical hypothesis is developed from the research question and then the main elements of the study — sampling strategy, intervention (if applicable), comparison and outcome variables — are summarized in a form that establishes the basis for testing, statistical and ultimately clinical significance. For example, in a research study comparing computer-assisted acetabular component insertion versus freehand acetabular component placement in patients in need of total hip arthroplasty, the experimental group would be computer-assisted insertion and the control/conventional group would be free-hand placement.
The null hypothesis for the preceding research hypothesis then would be that there is no difference in mean functional outcome between the computer-assisted insertion and free-hand placement techniques. After forming the null hypothesis, the researchers would form an alternate hypothesis stating the nature of the difference, if it should appear. The research hypothesis should be stated at the beginning of the study to guide the objectives for research. A research hypothesis is supported by a good research question and will influence the type of research design for the study. Acting on the principles of appropriate hypothesis development, the study can then confidently proceed to the development of the research ch objectivethe primary objective should be coupled with the hypothesis of the study. Study objectives define the specific aims of the study and should be clearly stated in the introduction of the research protocol. Note that the study objective is an active statement about how the study is going to answer the specific research question. Objectives can (and often do) state exactly which outcome measures are going to be used within their statements. These concepts will be discussed in other articles in this the surgeon’s point of view, it is important for the study objectives to be focused on outcomes that are important to patients and clinically relevant. 7 it is the precise objective and what the investigator is trying to measure that is of clinical relevance in the practical following is an example from the literature about the relation between the research question, hypothesis and study objectives:study: warden sj, metcalf br, kiss zs, et al. To investigate the clinical efficacy of lipus in the management of patellar tendinopathy sionthe development of the research question is the most important aspect of a research project. A research project can fail if the objectives and hypothesis are poorly focused and underdeveloped.
Designing and developing an appropriate and relevant research question, hypothesis and objectives can be a difficult task. The critical appraisal of the research question used in a study is vital to the application of the findings to clinical practice. Focusing resources, time and dedication to these 3 very important tasks will help to guide a successful research project, influence interpretation of the results and affect future publication 3tips for developing research questions, hypotheses and objectives for research studiesperform a systematic literature review (if one has not been done) to increase knowledge and familiarity with the topic and to assist with research about current trends and technological advances on the careful input from experts, mentors, colleagues and collaborators to refine your research question as this will aid in developing the research question and guide the research the finer criteria in the development of the research that the research question follows picot p a research hypothesis from the research p clear and well-defined primary and secondary (if needed) that the research question and objectives are answerable, feasible and clinically = feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, relevant; picot = population (patients), intervention (for intervention studies only), comparison group, outcome of interest, tescompeting interests: no funding was received in preparation of this paper. Pubmed]articles from canadian journal of surgery are provided here courtesy of canadian medical s:article | pubreader | epub (beta) | pdf (147k) | ng your research g through this ality and critical gies and have you learned? And further and objectives it is often useful to consider your research questions in terms of aim(s) and objectives. The overall purpose of the study, should be clearly and concisely : are broad statements of desired outcomes, or the general intentions of the research, which 'paint a picture' of your research project emphasize what is to be accomplished (not how it is to be accomplished) address the long-term project outcomes, i. Generally, a project should have no more than two or three aims statements, while it may include a number of objectives consistent with them. Objectives are subsidiary to aims and: are the steps you are going to take to answer your research questions or a specific list of tasks needed to accomplish the goals of the project emphasize how aims are to be accomplished must be highly focused and feasible address the more immediate project outcomes make accurate use of concepts must be sensible and precisely described should read as an 'individual' statement to convey your intentions here is an example of a project aim and subsidiary objectives: aim to critically assess the collection and disposal operations for bulky household waste in order to identify factors, which contribute to performance and technical critically assess bulky waste operations by local authorities, including volumes/types of materials arising and current disposal/recovery classify and evaluate the operation of furniture recovery schemes make recommendations to improve the operational effectiveness of, and to maximise recovery opportunities of bulky waste and objectives should:Be concise and interrelated; the aim is what you want to achieve, and the objective describes how you are going to achieve that realistic about what you can accomplish in the duration of the project and the other commitments you have provide you and your supervisor(s) with indicators of how you intend to: . The literature and theoretical issues related to your your chosen subjects, respondents, units, goods or p a sampling frame and strategy or a rationale for their p a strategy and design for data collection and with ethical and practical problems in your research. Aims and objectives should not:Be too vague, ambitious or broad in repeat each other in different be a list of things related to your research dict your methods - i. They should not imply methodological goals or standards of measurement, proof or generalisability of findings that the methods cannot the conclusion of your project you will need to assess whether or not you have met your objectives and if not, why not. However, you may not always meet your aims in full, since your research may reveal that your questions were inappropriate, that there are intervening variables you could not account for or that the circumstances of the study have changed, etc.
Whatever the case, your conclusion will still have to reflect on how well the research design, which was guided by your objectives has contributed to addressing your ty 20: aims & activity provides you with the opportunity to receive feedback on your proposed research aims and objectives.
