Research proposal rationale

Doctor of philosophy (dphil) students must write an acceptable research has a clear and explicit purpose:It makes certain that you have a worthwhile research project - you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound;. Includes sufficient information for us to evaluate the proposed study; can be certain we have the right staff expertise to supervise research proposals must address the question of what you plan to accomplish and why you want to and how you are going to do it. Research proposal is usually around 2,500 words long although there is no upper or lower limit to preparing a research proposal, the first thing that you have to do is to decide what it really is that you want to know more about. The questions that you want to research have to viable as a research project and lead to the creation of new knowledge and research proposal should include a section on each of the following areas:Titlethis should be concise and ound and rationalethis section needs to explain the background and issues of your proposed research - how you came to be interested in this can summarise what you know of the existing literature in this area, perhaps identifying where it does and does not provide enlightenment on what you are interested importantly, you must make a convincing case as to why your research would create valuable and useful ch questionshere you need to formulate your research questions clearly. You should have an answerable question that is clear and sufficiently well defined/focussed for you to do the research implied within an appropriate time tical framework / methodologyin this section you need to clarify what theoretical resources you will be drawing on and why. You should demonstrate your knowledge of the research problem and your understanding of the theoretical and research issues related to your research question and their relevance and usefulness to your particular project. Give consideration to the larger issues within your chosen theoretical framework and how they will affect the research process. Give credit to those who have laid the groundwork for your sthis section is very important as it informs the admissions committee how you plan to tackle your research problem. It is your work plan and describes the activities necessary for the completion of your project and should consist of a description of how you intend to go about the research. You could demonstrate your knowledge of alternative methods and make the case that your approach is the most appropriate and most valid way to address your research question. All research students at oxford university are required (before they commence fieldwork) to complete the central university research ethics committee (curec) checklist and obtain permission to undertake any fieldwork]. Key indicator of the work of much research is whether it is of publishable quality. You can also make contact with departmental staff whose research interests are in a similar area to those you intend to undertake. They would be happy to give you advice and to discuss possible is important for you to be able to explain the importance of the research you are conducting by providing valid ale for the study needs to be specific and ideally, it can relate to the following points:Firstly, the research needs to contribute to the elimination of a gap in the literature. In other words, you don’t need to ‘re-invent the wheel’ in a way that your research aims and objectives need to be totally new, or at least they have to offer fresh perspectives on traditional management and business example, while thousands of studies have been previously conducted to study various aspects of leadership, this topic as far from being exhausted as a research area. Gaps in the literature can be found in relation to almost all areas of business and ly, the research can be conducted to solve a specific problem. Critical analysis of the relevance of mcclelland’s achievement theory in the us information technology eralism as a major reason behind the emergence of the global financial and economic crisis of is of lewin’s model of change and its relevance to pharmaceutical sector of y, the study has to contribute to the level of professional development of the researcher. You have to explain in what ways this research contributes to the achievement of your long-term career aspirations in a detailed example, if you have selected a research topic of “a critical analysis of the relevance of mcclelland’s achievement theory in the us information technology industry” you may state that you associate your career aspirations with becoming an it executive in the us, and therefore in-depth knowledge of employee motivation in this industry is going to contribute your chances of success in your chosen career path. Therefore, you are in a better position if you have already identified your career objectives, so that during the research process you can get detailed knowledge about various aspects of your chosen e-book, the ultimate guide to writing a dissertation in business studies: a step by step assistance offers practical assistance to complete a dissertation with minimum or no stress. The e-book covers all stages of writing a dissertation starting from the selection to the research area to submitting the completed version of the work within the y profiles & analysis (97). In research: a proposal to strengthen the agricultural, food, and environmental r: 3 rationale for the unately, this book can't be printed from the openbook. Because it is uncorrected material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book ale for the fundamental reason for this proposal is challenges with substantial implications for -being of the united states are confronting the. R research and development (r&d) capacity to fuel the necessary advances in science logy to address these challenges. Quality is diminished; and ensuring high tal quality, with its concomitant benefits , soil, and way to deal effectively with the challenges the myriad of specific research needs is to t opportunities in science and technology ing the nation's r&d chapter presents the rationale for all aspects proposal except for that on program areas and sci-. To conduct the needed research programs and the necessary program areas money should be new funding, not redi-. Competitive grants to principal be complemented by multidisciplinary ch-s~engthening g for research in science and from the state, private, and federal r, primary responsibility for supporting fun-. And neither the states nor the private sector expected to underwrite a marked expansion in l science and technology effort in agriculture,Food, and the are highly unlikely to provide for research, nor should they be asked to do , state expenditures for agricultural research y significant.

Rationale of the study in research proposal

Second, and even more important,The research to be funded by the program proposed of national importance rather than of directly local through their land-grant universities, already do more than half of all research the agricultural, food, and environmental 1972, only about 30 percent of the states' re-. That are continuously increasing, they certainly not tee able to increase their program reasons, too, funding for this ch program is a federal, not a state, research to be funded by the expanded program will not-even in mission-linked ch-strengthening grants fund research that ly focused on local, state, or regional , it will increase the fundamental basic biological and physical phenomena that agriculture, food, and the environment, thus contrib-. Public sector r&d priorities and and monetary policy, general the state sector, the private sector plays a vital conditions, and interest in ongoing agricultural, food, and forestry research · trade policies, both domestic and ties. However, it, too, cannot be expected to policies affecting trade in technology and rite a marked expansion in the nation's e and technology effort in agricultural, food, nmental research. D usually emphasizes areas of commercial -term interest and may give only modest areas of research that however important related to a marketable product or service. Will probably be addressed only by following list of some research areas alternative agricultural practices illustrates the of research areas that are important to -term economic and environmental u. Of a given sector or across sectors (crop livestock producers, for example) in relation issues as profitability, environmental protection,Food safety, and human ion of r&d private sector's focus on areas of st is related to another aspect of industrial r&d:The proprietary nature of some research results. Commercial applications, companies ation of research advances as trade secrets they are assured of patent protection and applica-. Ent's budget request for fiscal year (fy) , in the special analysis of the research compo-. That "even in an environment of austerity, federal support for basic research,Especially at universities, is an important factor ting new knowledge to ensure continued tech-. The federal government ionally assumed a key role in support of ch because the private sector has ives to invest in such research" (office ment and budget, 1989, p. Funding for the agricultural research adequately support either the in-depth the broad scope of science and technology neces-. Of the overall agricultural, food, and ing in ment in agricultural research strengthens lture and science because progress in agricul-. Science promote progress in agriculture; for ale for the , new discoveries in genetics continue to lead and animal improvements through sely, research on agricultural problems fre-. Research are also warranted because a well-documented high rate of economic minimum annual rate of return a private s from plant capacity, inventory, or other in-. Such studies derive to food and agricultural research by reduction in costs of consumer products le by efficiency gains following tions. Hence, s compound to several multiples of the public receives this return on investment ltural research not in the form of a but at the supermarket checkout counter and in. Public r&d investment in research on vation methods and food safety help accelerate the adoption of production prac-. Contaminants will create a food safety addition, food and agricultural research has ve effect in terms of the distribution of quality of life among all members of society. Lower the cost of food, and in this way e a proportionately greater benefit to citizens lower end of the income annual increase of $500 million will enable 's competitive grants program to meet ives: (1) attract new talent into agricultural,Food, and environmental research and (2) expand of agricultural, food, and environmental re-. This is one reason full range of scientific and engineering talent in s tales has not been more involved in research and agricultural average annual size of usda competitive per principal investigator is now about. The cost of and agricultural research differs little from of conducting research in other areas. In fact,Expenses per investigator can be markedly higher n areas of food and agricultural research, in con-. In agricultural, food,And environmental research today, as in research areas of science, relatively few types of be adequately undertaken with a research budget than $ 100,000 per year per principal do high-quality research on a grant of $50,000 , most researchers must secure additional in-kind contributions from other sources. In contrast, an award higherlevel would provide a principal sufficient funds to pay for research supplies support at least one graduate student, one postdoc-. Values in parentheses are category includes equipment maintenance contracts, animal care facility fees, subcontracts to outside services, : data are based on a review of 20 randomly selected grants and were compiled by the competitive research grants office,U. Values in parentheses are : data are based on a review of 20 randomly selected grants and were compiled by the competitive research grants office, ment of agriculture, washington, d.

How to write a rationale for a research proposal

Department lture, national science foundation, and national institutes of health, fy ter usdaa nsf total of proposals1,4663,586 19,205 2, of grants funded339683 6,212 1,tage of ing in grants23. In thousands of dollars/year)$ represent grants from the competitive research grants office of the cooperative state research service. They do not include rangeland renewable resources program, special research grants program, or national needs graduate are fornew awards excluding continuation payments forawards made in previous years. Data from the national institute of general medical sciences (nigms) are a subset in the total for all : for usda, adapted from data compiled by the budget office, cooperative state research service. National institutes of duration of grants is important, too, in a few selected areas of research can mental results be attained within 1 or 2 ch in genetics and plant breeding that from at least four or five growing seasons ally be proposed for completion within a period. Still e of research that requires a longer time the pursuit of economically viable new uses ng crops a pursuit that may entail the applica-. Of genetic engineering techniques to develop in plants, agronomic and production plant breeding to bring yields up to , engineering and food processing research to. And conservation policies to accommodate adjustments in regional cropping is difficult to persuade talented scientists time in preparing and conducting ms when the time allowed for the research is for them to achieve meaningful results and is uncertainty about whether a grant will d and the funding continued so mat the be completed. It is difficult,Too, to conduct strong graduate-level research ms if only short-term partial funding is avail-. Investigator 250 46 ental n-linked 100 18 isciplinary ch-strengthening 50 9 am administrators need maximum flexibility in detennining the appropriate length of grants; the overall size and duration of research-strengthening grants, depending on the need for fellowship or competitive grants to principal be more nearly comparable in duration, as , to the grants made by nsf and nih (2 to 3 and. It is a necessary first step g the research and educational challenges ahead national research council, 1988b). Submitted to the usda competitive m go unfunded, and if funding prospects , many more proposals would probably be sub-. Given the number of high~uality proposals,The number, size, and duration of grants in the m for even the limited program scope are en-. The awarding of be governed by the creativity that trate in proposing to tackle problems and relevance of the proposals, not by a priori distribu-. The emphasis given to ing in each fiscal year, funds are obligated to new grants, continuing grants, and supplemental counting and comparing the total number of proposals submitted, grants awarded, and grants funded, the risk of mixing apples with oranges. Supplemental funds are ons to a grant to cover an unanticipated need to complete the research, such as the need to purchase. Special , statistics on the success rate of grant applications can compare the number of proposals reviewed within a fiscal year with the number of new grants competitively awarded in that year, but the total number of grants funded during that same year. 4 include only proposals and grants that were competitively reviewed in fy igator grants is appropriate because scientists-. Since the size and research-strengthening grants will vary the need for fellowship or program support, is not included in the estimates in table , a $500 million increase added to the riation of approximately $50 million e approximately 1,042 grants to be year, not counting research-strengthening expenditure per "rant would very from an $312,000 per 3-year grant for a principal ($104,000 per year) to $1. This group is sted in the current program, as indicated by proportion of proposals judged meritorious unfunded each year. Na, not available; percentage cannot be estimated on the basis of available s of science are as defined and grouped by the 1987 survey of doctorate recipients conducted for the national tion by the office of scientific and engineering personnel, national research ntage of scientists receiving usda competitive grants is estimated on the basis of the following assumptions: t of an average of 425 grants awarded annually are received by agricultural scientists; 30 percent of grants are agriculture-related biological scientists. These assumptions are consistent with data provided by the ch grants office on the distribution of usda competitive grant are not part of the land-grant university agricultural experiment station : compiled by board on agriculture, national research council, based on data front the national tion. National science foundation; data were also provided by the office of scientific enng personnel, national research council, derived from a special analysis of the survey of doctorate t of their total) and about 1,450 biological scien-. Thus, 1,042 grants per year seen, over the long term, as only a minimum grants for the usda competitive grants t with new proposal for new funding for an program comes at a time of fiscal stringency ing in united states. Of the trade-offs required by the fiscal uences of the lack of r&d l955 through 1965,usda research in real terms, but from 1965 to the present, shown no real growth when corrected for infla-. In 1988 it was $778 only has funding for agricultural, food, nmental research changed little in absolute the past 25 years, but as a percentage of l appropriations for nondefense r&d it has unchanged-consistently 5 percent or less. Research system will find it difficult to r scientists into the system and induce them ish research careers there.

How to write a rationale for research proposal

Thus depressing even further the , the lack of real growth in federal r&d has meant that new scientific necessary new programs have been funded internal redirection of federal funding, as is the intramural research programs within ction of state funds and the securing of funds have also occurred through the state-federal partnership in research. In real sense, the agricultural research sector y been redirecting its r, new demands are being made on ch system. And there are research ted to the relationship between agriculture environment-for example, when the environ-. Service, cooperative state research service,Extension service, and, to some extent, the ch service and u. Use a large portion of their total to do research that is relevant to the entire gh valuable, this research has been done at e of state responsibilities for technology devel-. And application, for site-specif~c research, stronger linkages between research and recent example of nationally relevant research is biotechnology research, which many emphasized and which, in most instances, ental research. Usda competitive grants program is that use federal funds to provide major t for fundamental research of national value,Thereby lessening some of the competition for , which could then appropriately be applied, , to state and regional state-federal partnership has been, and ue to be, a key factor in converting s, whether fundamental or applied, into tech-. That several possible trade-offs be $500 million for competitive grants from sacrificing other usda research pro-. Agricultural export prices have $500 million of those savings and of ary savings be redirected toward research, they be directed toward reducing the , toward some combination of the two, or ss outside of agriculture? Within the usda research discussed above, the usda research budget increased in real purchasing power for the past . Atleast three be made in , many observers believe that the cts for redirection are nil to , any funds derived from redirection usda research budget would diminish the capac-. Thus, taking funds from the research ry system would diminish it precisely when to be more , redirection runs the risk of destroying the"muscle" of quality research in intramural a-funded research while attempting to cut proposed increase in funding for ch grants is justified. If no growth in the usda research budget le, then decisions to redirectusda's are judgments that elected and other als may choose to ment of subsidy u. And the food and fiber industries of the redirection is appropriate because the directly benefit those commodities: the dge will be the basis on which profitability sed and new uses for agricultural ment using non-usda reinvesting savings from the decreases y payments, another possibility is other nonresearch portions of the federal alternative may be possible, but it would budgetary decisions and analyses that are out-. Both to doubling the nsf budget and to research initiatives in relevant areas, such as genome three reasons, a $500 million increase in re-. The first economic, the second is scientific, and the , agricultural research gives a high return ment (see"investing in agriculture" in the section. A $500 million increase" above3, and the high ly confirms the economic value for the nation ing in agricultural and related research. Billion in 1990 federal obligations ltural r&d (office of management and budget,1989) represents a research investment of less than. N discusses some of the reasons for locating m in usda and then surveys the kinds of expanded program could be expected to have agricultural research service (ars), the saess,The cooperative extension service (ces) system, federal , the expanded program should be placed because the u. And transfer it into widespread , usda has responsibility for the tories for agricultural research (ars), for fed-. Well over half of the federal government't investment in food and agricultural r&d support ars research basic, applied, and mul-. Ongoing ars programs y to the proposed six major program scientists can participate in the itive grants program by applying for grants, fying the mission-linked research needs ties of usda and other federal agencies, and g on peer review panels. Moreover, ars scientists are most familiar with mission agency needs ongoing government regulatory, grading, d program ale for the es with state encompass those faculty and scientists -grant and similarly chartered universities involved in the agricultural research system generally receive part of their support from federal funds appropriated to the saess. The work of the es basic research on fundamental ses, more applied work on the problems confronting agricultural and food s, and technology development and application. They are involved not only in their sibilities in agricultural research but also tory-based fundamental research such as mo-. Agricultural research system are the are not operationally within the saks system are interested in and contribute to research impor-. Food, and environmental es with the cooperative extension ces, assisted by the extension service of , brings research applications and education and communicates users' special needs to ch community.

How to write rationale for research proposal

The communication and education link and an expanded competitive grants program, system would have a particularly critical role n-linked team research projects. These be multidisciplinary, would range from tory research to applied laboratory and , and would include a knowledge and er component. Because many saks partial extension responsibilities, they are positioned to help plan and carry out both d research and the technology transfer compo-. As this occurs, usda more opportunities to receive input from ists in other agencies and to coordinate ties and exchange research information-par-. And covers in detail the particular advantages l r&d funding federal investment in agricultural, food, nmental research is distributed by four g mechanisms: intramural research usda staff, formula funds to the saks s, grants l r&d initiatives, and competitive ural funding is the principal form of ars, the u. Oriented research activities with the stability essential for continuity of ltural and food research activities that re-. That must focus on how to stabilize land t water quality, and nutrition research on ing in s of dietary patterns on physiological develop-. As children move into and through in the aging addition to long-term research projects and re-. Variety of important activities, including s; for the more applied research that helps their responsibilities for food safety, nutrition,Pesticide safety, and animal care and disease preven-. And for assisting states working on multistate,Regional problems; as well as for graduate l research grants are a flexible and g mechanism to target new resources to pariicu-. Mechanism to attract and retain people hout the nationts scientific community to ale for the -quality fundamental research and the more research in promising areas of science and . The peer s is used to select research that is both of high scientific quality. The annual cycle als and awards keeps the focus on research that insufficiently funded, or not awarded. Lengthy research, such as that for long-te~m plant,Research in genetics, chemistry, economics, and animal, social, and ecological studies, is d mathematics are examples of areas that are not more difficult to secure through competitive on-specific and in which the pursuit of agricul- grants; thisis usually deals with through a y related basic research can contribute to future of renewal grants and institutional support. Support in the event that the renewal is late,Fy 1988 distribution of fy 1988, the combined research outlays and the cooperative state research service. Advantages of competitive competitive grants mechanism is advocated proposal because it has three major strengths:Responsiveness and flexibility. For research at the forefront of a discipline for mission-oriented research; and the mission competitive grants is biomedical, not agricul-. The distinction should n high-quality and relevant research, on hand, and pedestrian and inappropriate research,On the other. And applied research, can be suitably dealt new approaches like those presented in this pro-. Responsiveness hospitable to-and strongly the forefront of an area of basis of the competitive research grants doing a definable piece of work within the by the grant's funds and duration. Over relatively short periods m can significantly and systematically emphasis on the area of research to be funded. It will do so by unities for scientists who are currently agricultural research; by drawing productive, ists from other areas into agricultural research;. Attracting and retaining new, younger agricultural research at the beginning of s; by removing financial and other ng women, underrepresented minorities, ed individuals and providing them with unities for research; and by encouraging ting work across all the program areas which many scientists both inside and lture are strongly expanded competitive grants program offers ant new opportunity for top-quality tly involved or interested in agricultural re-. Involved in animal-oriented studies:The biomedical programs of nih are not applicable research unless the animal biology they ng is congruent with the human and medical. Markets and trade, or social and policy issues:Normal funding sources from usda are not those scientists outside the ars-csrs , and for those who are already part of , funding is talent will be attracted to research agriculture because people throughout the engineering communities both new, ists and established scientists will,perhaps first time, seriously consider how they ale for the ipate in agricultural research and, reciprocally,How their research activities could advance the sci-. Disciplines because of the lack of financial the system and, in some cases, because of their greater professional challenges can be ere (national research council, 1988b). Ways of doing this are to (1) attract new talent research system and (2) help active scientists r advantage of the developments rapidly occur-.

Applied, regional, and site-specific nature of ltural, food, and environmental research ering issues makes it appropriate for a consid-. Food, and environmental research, it is ed at priorities and applications other than critically needed to advance the agricultural sector. Much of the knowledge and ered by scientists who received nsf and can be applied to agricultural research. Furthermore, es more complex and as more rapid needed to keep up with global competition, it essential to keep the ars, saks, and ces fully funded as possible, lest their ability to use new knowledge, develop new technologies,And help with technology application decreases has been suggested, for example, that allocate all its research support through a na-. Research support would be competitively doing that would require the ars to close completely eliminate formula funds and spe-. Lower than the percentages in nsf and nih, more than seven times usda's current level of ion to isciplinary research is the term used in research problem and that has an of study. A multidisciplinary project ch "in" the disciplines and at the same research and results "from" the disciplines a study that integrates the disciplines and examine systematically the various facets as well totality of the problem. Research designates both interdisciplinary research, even though the have somewhat different attention given to multidisciplinary research proposed expanded program for agricultural, food,And environmental research is based on the many of the most significant, interesting, ult problems be they fundamental or mission-. Four rate the point:· understanding the dietary patterns good health requires research in biochemistry,Physiology, genetics, nutrition, psychology, and soci-. Requires research in agronomy and soil science,Ecology and ecosystems analysis, animal nutrition,Population and community biology, economics, lling the postharvest losses of crops in-. Diseases, nutrient loss during storage, and detection of realize the full potential of science and in agricultural, food, and environmental research,The usda competitive grants program should to 50 percent of its support to ch (through multidisciplinary team grants, ental and mission-linked). This emphasis to stimulate more multidisciplinary team and to strongly encourage it among al to describe research that combines expertise the word team in multidisciplinary team two or more disciplines into a shared focus on a implies that there is more than one senior scientist pal investigator. Is incorrect, however, because center implies research group, a more permanent or ation, and a physical facility, whereas the mul-. Projects should address major science ering questions and perform basic research tanding the phenomena being studied. If the ch can be conducted by the team tely, it does not qualify as isciplinary team research presents a conceptual and practical difficulties. Scientific their relation to new research uously, sometimes rapidly, and keeping es good coordination and the ability to ch plans expeditiously, as necessary. Integrating the work of several researchers, with a common plan of study, constitutes al, managerial, and leadership challenge pal investigators; when there are several princi-. To the composition of the research team; y and creativity of the scientific proposed; the extent of direct working involve-. It worthwhile because of the unexpected creativity that good collaboration may ale for the then institutions proposed research-strengthening grants goals: (1) to help institutions and ments develop competitive research areas of research important to their regions and (2). Attract more talented young scientists and careers in high-priority areas of national need agricultural, food, and environmental , two types of research-strengthening grants would. Proposal may go unfunded, for example, igators either lack access to a certain research method or have inadequate experience it. Or an investigator or research team may y enough familiarity with related pments or with multidisciplinary research. Cases, a research-strengthening grant could be appropriate and constructive ship support would be for both graduate ctoral research studies. In virtually all of the states there are systems review for allocating state and industrial r, some of the saks use internal programs to allocate portions of their state : 4 challenges facing the research system ». In research: a proposal to strengthen the agricultural, food, and environmental paperback | $ members save 10% or register to save! Book provides an analysis of funding for agricultural research in the united states and presents a proposal to strengthen this system. Its premise is that a judicious but substantial increase in research funding through competitive grants is the best way to sustain and strengthen the u.

The proposal calls for an increased public investment in research; a broadened scientific scope and expanded program areas of research; and four categories of competitively awarded grants, with an emphasis on multidisciplinary 're looking at openbook, 's online reading room since 1999. Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're g the problem and its g the problem and its rationale ing a bing your data collection ing a rationale. A further function can be that of justifying the methods you plan to use for solving your research for the rationale plays a role at two stages of your project: (a) when you first submit your research proposal to your advisors for their advice and approval and (b) when you write your final version of the thesis or dissertation so readers will understand the contribution to knowledge or the contribution to practice that your work g your work in ng your study in a context consists of identifying a domain of life into which the research fits. Your rationale might start with the label that signifies the field in which you think your work theories of social change, the most prominent types . The present study links the second and fifth of these categories by addressing the question: what changes have occurred in the structure and functions of mexican-american families during the twentieth century, and what trends do such changes reflect"in addition, by centering attention on a particular ethnic group–mexican-americans–the study provides material useful to people interested in the last of the categories, that of cross-cultural fying your intended s the most important function of an author's rationale is the explanation of how the project can contribute to knowledge (basic research that corrects or expands people's understanding of the world) and/or to practice (applied research that improves the conduct of some aspect of life). This function is typically performed by the author's identifying shortcomings in the existing body of knowledge or practice that could be remedied by the proposed research. Following examples illustrate two ways of wording research proposals so that they (a) specify the question to be answered, (b) locate the study in a domain of knowledge or practice, and (c) identify the study's intended to write a research proposal. Ch director, graduate program lling y western students and beginning researchers do understand what a research proposal means, nor do they importance. A y proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success project, but also impresses your thesis committee about ial as a researcher. Research proposal is intended to that you have a worthwhile research project and that the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally,A research proposal should contain all the key elements the research process and include sufficient information for s to evaluate the proposed less of your research area and the choose, all research proposals must address the following questions:What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you proposal should have sufficient convince your readers that you have an important research idea,That you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the , and that your methodology is quality of your research proposal only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on y of your proposal writing. A good research project may risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly ore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and paper focuses on proposal writing on the development of research should be concise and descriptive. Are stated in terms of a functional relationship, titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent r, if possible, think of an informative but catchy effective title not only pricks the reader's interest, but poses him/her favourably towards the is a brief summary of approximately 300 should include the research question, the rationale for the study,The hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. The method may include the design, procedures, the sample instruments that will be main purpose of the introduction is to necessary background or context for your research problem. Frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem the research problem is framed in the a general, rambling literature review, then the research appear trivial and uninteresting. However, if the same placed in the context of a very focused and current , its significance will become unately, there are no hard and fast how to frame your research question just as there is no how to write an interesting and informative opening paragraph. Lot depends on your creativity, your ability to think the depth of your understanding of problem r, try to place your research the context of either a current "hot" area, or an older remains viable. Thirdly, provide the contemporary context your proposed research question occupies the central y, identify "key players" and refer to the most relevant entative publications. The introduction generally covers the the research problem, which is ed to as the purpose of the e the context and set the stage research question in such a way as to show its t the rationale of your proposed clearly indicate why it is worth y describe the major issues and be addressed by your fy the key independent and les of your experiment. Alternatively, specify the your hypothesis or theory, if exploratory or phenomenological research, you may not hypotheses. The delimitation or boundaries of ed research in order to provide a clear e definitions of key concepts. However, most professors prefer te section, which allows a more thorough review of the literature review serves several s that you are not "reinventing credits to those who have laid work for your trates your knowledge of the trates your understanding of the research issues related to your research your ability to critically nt literature tes your ability to integrate and existing es new theoretical insights or develops. Students' literature reviews suffer following problems:Lacking organization and g focus, unity and repetitive and g to cite influential g to keep up with recent g to critically evaluate cited irrelevant or trivial ing too much on secondary scholarship and research competence questioned if any of the above applies to your are different ways to organize your . Remember: professors and scientists method section is very important tells your research committee how you plan to tackle your m. Some even a good proposal should contain sufficient details for ied researcher to implement the need to demonstrate your knowledge of s and make the case that your approach is the most most valid way to address your research note that your research question best answered by qualitative research. However, since most logists are still biased against qualitative research, phenomenological variety, you may need to justify your rmore, since there are no widely accepted canons in qualitative analysis, your n needs to be more elaborate than what is required for tative research. More importantly, the data collection qualitative research has a far greater impact on the compared to quantitative research.

However, you need to have some idea about what kind of will be collecting, and what statistical procedures will in order to answer your research question or test you is important to convince your reader of ial impact of your proposed research. That is why you also need to mention the weaknesses of the proposed research, which may be time and financial constraints as well as by the early of your research mistakes in proposal e to provide the proper context the research e to delimit the boundary e to cite landmark e to accurately present the empirical contributions by other e to stay focused on the research e to develop a coherent and nt for the proposed much detail on minor issues, but detail on major much rambling -- going "all over " without a clear sense of direction.