Review of literature of air pollution wikipedia
For the properties of air, see qualities of pollution from a coking pollution occurs when harmful substances including particulates and biological molecules are introduced into earth's atmosphere. Human activity and natural processes can both generate air air pollution and poor urban air quality are listed as two of the world's worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008 blacksmith institute world's worst polluted places report. 1] according to the 2014 world health organization report, air pollution in 2012 caused the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide,[2] an estimate roughly echoed by one from the international energy agency. Some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary flue-gas desulfurization was installed, the emissions from this power plant in new mexico contained excessive amounts of sulfur tic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1) greenhouse effect, (2) particulate contamination, (3) increased uv radiation, (4) acid rain, (5) increased ground level ozone concentration, (6) increased levels of nitrogen l oxidizers are air pollution abatement options for hazardous air pollutants (haps), volatile organic compounds (vocs), and odorous nces emitted into the atmosphere by human activity include:Carbon dioxide (co2) - because of its role as a greenhouse gas it has been described as "the leading pollutant"[5] and "the worst climate pollution". Pollution risk is a function of the hazard of the pollutant and the exposure to that pollutant. Lack of ventilation indoors concentrates air pollution where people often spend the majority of their time. Intentional air pollution is introduced with the use of air fresheners, incense, and other scented items. 26] indoor pollution fatalities may be caused by using pesticides and other chemical sprays indoors without proper monoxide poisoning and fatalities are often caused by faulty vents and chimneys, or by the burning of charcoal indoors or in a confined space, such as a tent. As clear explanations are not always stressed in non-technical literature, care should be taken to distinguish between several forms of relevant diseases. Indoors, the lack of air circulation allows these airborne pollutants to accumulate more than they would otherwise occur in also: neuroplastic effects of pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases and health conditions including respiratory infections, heart disease, copd, stroke and lung cancer. 2] the health effects caused by air pollution may include difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing, asthma and worsening of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions. 25] the most common sources of air pollution include particulates, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide. Children aged less than five years that live in developing countries are the most vulnerable population in terms of total deaths attributable to indoor and outdoor air pollution. World health organization estimated in 2014 that every year air pollution causes the premature death of some 7 million people worldwide. 30] there is a positive correlation between pneumonia-related deaths and air pollution from motor vehicle emissions. 33] across the european union, air pollution is estimated to reduce life expectancy by almost nine months. New economic study of the health impacts and associated costs of air pollution in the los angeles basin and san joaquin valley of southern california shows that more than 3,800 people die prematurely (approximately 14 years earlier than normal) each year because air pollution levels violate federal standards. Mechanisms linking air pollution to increased cardiovascular mortality are uncertain, but probably include pulmonary and systemic inflammation. 2007 review of evidence found ambient air pollution exposure is a risk factor correlating with increased total mortality from cardiovascular events (range: 12% to 14% per 10 microg/m3 increase). Pollution is also emerging as a risk factor for stroke, particularly in developing countries where pollutant levels are highest. 47] a 2007 study found that in women, air pollution is not associated with hemorrhagic but with ischemic stroke. 48] air pollution was also found to be associated with increased incidence and mortality from coronary stroke in a cohort study in 2011. Has demonstrated increased risk of developing asthma[53] and copd[54] from increased exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Additionally, air pollution has been associated with increased hospitalization and mortality from asthma and copd. The study controlled for age and smoking habits, so concluded that air pollution was the most likely cause of the observed differences. 58] more recent studies have shown that air pollution exposure from traffic reduces lung function development in children [59] and lung function may be compromised by air pollution even at low concentrations. 60] air pollution exposure also cause lung cancer in non is believed that much like cystic fibrosis, by living in a more urban environment serious health hazards become more apparent. Review of evidence regarding whether ambient air pollution exposure is a risk factor for cancer in 2007 found solid data to conclude that long-term exposure to pm2. The review further noted that living close to busy traffic appears to be associated with elevated risks of these three outcomes --- increase in lung cancer deaths, cardiovascular deaths, and overall non-accidental deaths. 65] an additional danish study, also in 2011, likewise noted evidence of possible associations between air pollution and other forms of cancer, including cervical cancer and brain cancer. The countries with the highest air pollution associated preterm births were in south and east asia, the middle east, north africa, and west sub-saharan africa. In south and east asia, pregnant women are frequently exposed to indoor air pollution because of the wood and other biomass fuels used for cooking which are responsible for more than 80% of regional pollution. A group of 74,671 pregnant women, in four separate regions of beijing, were monitored from early pregnancy to delivery along with daily air pollution levels of sulfur dioxide and tsp (along with other particulates). 72] coal stoves, which are in 97% of homes, are a major source of air pollution in this et al.
Studied the relationship between air pollution and proximity to a highway with pregnancy outcomes in a vancouver cohort of pregnant woman using addresses to estimate exposure during pregnancy. In the areas with relatively low levels of air pollution, public health effects can be significant and costly, since a large number of people breathe in such pollutants. A june 2014 study conducted by researchers at the university of rochester medical center, published in the journal environmental health perspectives, it was discovered that early exposure to air pollution causes the same damaging changes in the brain as autism and schizophrenia. The study also shows that air pollution also affected short-term memory, learning ability, and impulsivity. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that air pollution may play a role in autism, as well as in other neurodevelopmental disorders. India in 2014, it was reported that air pollution by black carbon and ground level ozone had cut crop yields in the most affected areas by almost half in 2010 when compared to 1980 levels. Pollution costs the world economy $5 trillion per year as a result of productivity losses and degraded quality of life, according to a joint study by the world bank and the institute for health metrics and evaluation (ihme) at the university of washington[81][82] these productivity losses are caused by deaths due to diseases caused by air pollution. One out of ten deaths in 2013 was caused by diseases associated with air pollution and the problem is getting worse. Children under age 5 in lower-income countries are more than 60 times as likely to die from exposure to air pollution as children in high-income countries. 81][82] the report states that additional economic losses caused by air pollution, including health costs and the adverse effect on agricultural and other productivity were not calculated in the report, and thus the actual costs to the world economy are far higher than $5 ical disasters[edit]. The united kingdom suffered its worst air pollution event when the december 4 great smog of 1952 formed over london. 85] the worst single incident of air pollution to occur in the us occurred in donora, pennsylvania in late october, 1948, when 20 people died and over 7,000 were injured. Are now practical alternatives to the principal causes of air pollution:Areas downwind (over 20 miles) of major airports more than double total particulate emissions in air, even when factoring in areas with frequent ship calls, and heavy freeway and city traffic like los angeles. 87] aviation biofuel mixed in with jetfuel at a 50/50 ratio can reduce jet derived cruise altitude particulate emissions by 50-70%, according to a nasa led 2017 study (however, this should imply ground level benefits to urban air pollution as well). For poor nations, heating and home stoves that contribute much to regional air pollution can be replaced by a much cleaner fossil fuel like natural gas, or ideally, vehicles driven by fossil fuels, a key factor in urban air pollution, can be replaced by electric vehicles. Nevertheless, even in emission-free electric vehicles, rubber tires produce significant amounts of air pollution themselves, ranking as 13th worst pollutant in los angeles. The plants can be gathered and sold to a central authority that will break it down in a large modern biodigester, producing much needed energy to d humidity and ventilation both can greatly dampen air pollution in enclosed spaces, which was found to be relatively high inside subway lines due to braking and friction and relatively less ironically inside transit buses than lower sitting passenger automobiles or subways. In most developed countries, land-use planning is an important part of social policy, ensuring that land is used efficiently for the benefit of the wider economy and population, as well as to protect the e a large share of air pollution is caused by combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, the reduction of these fuels can reduce air pollution drastically. Most effective is the switch to clean power sources such as wind power, solar power, hydro power which don't cause air pollution. 94] efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources includes primary regulation (many developing countries have permissive regulations),[citation needed] expanding regulation to new sources (such as cruise and transport ships, farm equipment, and small gas-powered equipment such as string trimmers, chainsaws, and snowmobiles), increased fuel efficiency (such as through the use of hybrid vehicles), conversion to cleaner fuels or conversion to electric um dioxide has been researched for its ability to reduce air pollution. Simon armitage of university of sheffield prepared a 10 meter by 20 meter-sized poster coated with microscopic, pollution-eating nanoparticles of titanium dioxide. This would save about $600 billion in health costs a year due to reduced air pollution in 2050, or about 3. The scale may or may not distinguish between different canada, air pollution and associated health risks are measured with the air quality health index or (aqhi). It is a health protection tool used to make decisions to reduce short-term exposure to air pollution by adjusting activity levels during increased levels of air air quality health index or "aqhi" is a federal program jointly coordinated by health canada and environment canada. The aqhi provides a local air quality current value as well as a local air quality maximums forecast for today, tonight and tomorrow and provides associated health it is now known that even low levels of air pollution can trigger discomfort for the sensitive population, the index has been developed as a continuum: the higher the number, the greater the health risk and need to take precautions. The latter two pollutants provided little information in predicting health effects and were removed from the aqhi aqhi does not measure the effects of odour, pollen, dust, heat or luft is the german air quality article: toxic pollution hotspots are areas where air pollution emissions expose individuals to increased negative health effects. Air pollution hotspots affect a variety of populations, some groups are more likely to be located in hotspots. Low socioeconomic status can be a proxy for other kinds of social vulnerability, including race, a lack of ability to influence regulation and a lack of ability to move to neighborhoods with less environmental pollution. These communities bear a disproportionate burden of environmental pollution and are more likely to face health risks such as cancer or asthma. Show that patterns in race and income disparities not only indicate a higher exposure to pollution but also higher risk of adverse health outcomes. 103] blacks and latinos generally face more pollution than whites and asians, and low-income communities bear a higher burden of risk than affluent ones. Dioxide concentrations as measured from satellite from air pollution in pollution is usually concentrated in densely populated metropolitan areas, especially in developing countries where environmental regulations are relatively lax or nonexistent. 106] however, even populated areas in developed countries attain unhealthy levels of pollution, with los angeles and rome being two examples. 108] another project focusing on the effects on pollution in vegetation has been researched by the local university in sheffield, al-scale air toxics assessments 1995–2005[edit].
This in turn helps air pollution experts focus limited analytical resources on areas and or populations where the potential for health risks are highest. Important case law appears to confirm the role of the ec as centralised regulator to european nation-states as regards air pollution control. It places a supranational legal obligation on the uk to protect its citizens from dangerous levels of air pollution, furthermore superseding national interests with those of the 2010, the european commission (ec) threatened the uk with legal action against the successive breaching of pm10 limit values. 116] as well as the threat of eu fines, in 2010 it was threatened with legal action for scrapping the western congestion charge zone, which is claimed to have led to an increase in air pollution levels. Can be interpreted as recognition that cities can transcend the traditional national government organisational hierarchy and develop solutions to air pollution using global governance networks, for example through transnational relations. Transnational relations include but are not exclusive to national governments and intergovernmental organisations,[118] allowing sub-national actors including cities and regions to partake in air pollution control as independent ularly promising at present are global city partnerships. Mr chen's claim was made in the lancet (december 2013 issue) and reported in the daily telegraph 8th january 2014 page 15 'air pollution killing up to 500,000 chinese each year, admits former health minister. Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease". A systematic review of the relation between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and chronic diseases. Carotid intima-media thickness, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, and particulate air pollution exposure: the meta-analytical evidence". Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the american heart association". Traffic-related air pollution and the development of asthma and allergies during the first 8 years of life". A systematic review of the relation between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and chronic diseases". Blood pressure and same-day exposure to air pollution at school: associations with nano-sized to coarse pm in children. Outdoor air pollution, preterm birth, and low birth weight: analysis of the world health organization global survey on maternal and perinatal health". A retrospective assessment of mortality from the london smog episode of 1952: the role of influenza and pollution". Ozolins (1971): reduction of air pollution potential through environmental planning, journal of the air pollution control association, 21:7, 395-399. The daily telegraph 8 january 2014 'air pollution killing up to 500,000 chinese each year, admits former health minister'. Economic growth versus the environment: the politics of wealth, health and air pollution (2002) , christine l. Who: air pollution a continuing health threat in world's cities," the nation's health (february 2012) 42#1 , scott hamilton. Don't breathe the air: air pollution and us environmental politics, 1945-1970 (texas a & m university press, 2000). The chimney of the world: a history of smoke pollution in victorian and edwardian manchester. Commons has media related to air y resources ces in your ces in other real-time air quality index quality index (aqi) calculator aqi to concentration and concentration to aqi for five ational conference on urban air an commission > environment > policies > air >air se: outdoor air pollution in cities from the world health health organization fact sheet on air quality and assessment of the mortality effects of longer-term exposure to air pollution: exploring cause-specific mortality and susceptibility by bg miller. Institute of occupational medicine research report tm/03/ mortality effects of long-term exposure to particulate air pollution in the united kingdom, uk committee on the medical effects of air pollution, pollution at t standards (usa). Lture and ries: air pollutionclimate forcing agentshidden categories: cs1 maint: bot: original-url status unknownall articles with unsourced statementsarticles with unsourced statements from january 2008wikipedia articles needing clarification from may 2014articles with obsolete information from october 2013all wikipedia articles in need of updatingarticles containing video logged intalkcontributionscreate accountlog pagecontentsfeatured contentcurrent eventsrandom articledonate to wikipediawikipedia out wikipediacommunity portalrecent changescontact links hererelated changesupload filespecial pagespermanent linkpage informationwikidata itemcite this a bookdownload as pdfprintable ansالعربيةঅসমীয়াazərbaycancaবাংলাбеларускаяभोजपुरीбългарскиcatalàčeštinacymraegdanskdeutscheestiελληνικάespañolesperantoeuskaraفارسیfrançaisfryskgalegoગુજરાતી한국어հայերենहिन्दीhrvatskiidobahasa indonesiaitalianoעבריתಕನ್ನಡқазақшаkiswahiliкыргызчаlatinalatviešulietuviųmagyarмакедонскиമലയാളംमराठीbahasa melayuмонголnederlandsनेपाली日本語norskpolskiportuguêsromânăрусскийसंस्कृतम्scotsshqipසිංහලsimple englishсрпски / srpskisrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиsuomisvenskaதமிழ்తెలుగుไทยtürkçeукраїнськаاردوtiếng việtwalonייִדיש粵語中文. 1] pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. According to a 1983 article in the journal science, "soot" found on ceilings of prehistoric caves provides ample evidence of the high levels of pollution that was associated with inadequate ventilation of open fires. 3] metal forging appears to be a key turning point in the creation of significant air pollution levels outside the home. Core samples of glaciers in greenland indicate increases in pollution associated with greek, roman and chinese metal production,[4] but at that time the pollution was comparatively small and could be handled by nature. Pollution in the us, burning of coal and wood, and the presence of many horses in concentrated areas made the cities the primary sources of pollution. 5][6] but the fuel was so common in england that this earliest of names for it was acquired because it could be carted away from some shores by the was the industrial revolution that gave birth to environmental pollution as we know it today. Pollution issues escalated as population growth far exceeded view ability of neighborhoods to handle their waste problem. Emergence of great factories and consumption of immense quantities of coal gave rise to unprecedented air pollution and the large volume of industrial chemical discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste.
Pollution became a major issue in the united states in the early twentieth century, as progressive reformers took issue with air pollution caused by coal burning, water pollution caused by bad sanitation, and street pollution caused by the 3 million horses who worked in american cities in 1900, generating large quantities of urine and manure. Cities followed around the country until early in the 20th century, when the short lived office of air pollution was created under the department of the interior. 12] air pollution would continue to be a problem in england, especially later during the industrial revolution, and extending into the recent past with the great smog of ess of atmospheric pollution spread widely after world war ii, with fears triggered by reports of radioactive fallout from atomic warfare and testing. 16] the pollution of industrial land gave rise to the name brownfield, a term now common in city development of nuclear science introduced radioactive contamination, which can remain lethally radioactive for hundreds of thousands of years. The borderless nature of atmosphere and oceans inevitably resulted in the implication of pollution on a planetary level with the issue of global warming. This is a less well known pollution problem than the others described above, but nonetheless has multiple and serious consequences such as increasing wildlife mortality, the spread of invasive species and human ingestion of toxic chemicals. Organizations such as 5 gyres have researched the pollution and, along with artists like marina debris, are working toward publicizing the ion introduced by light at night is becoming a global problem, more severe in urban centres, but nonetheless contaminating also large territories, far away from towns. Evidence of local and global pollution and an increasingly informed public over time have given rise to environmentalism and the environmental movement, which generally seek to limit human impact on the lachine canal in montreal, quebec, drain and yellow fish symbol used by the uk environment agency to raise awareness of the ecological impacts of contaminating surface major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular contaminant relevant to each of them:Air pollution: the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Particulate matter, or fine dust is characterized by their micrometre size pm10 to pollution: includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical ing: the criminal throwing of inappropriate man-made objects, unremoved, onto public and private pollution: which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. Pollution, is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused by human influence, such as use of water as coolant in a power pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash, municipal solid waste or space pollution, by the discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial waste (intentionally or through spills) into surface waters; discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage; release of waste and contaminants into surface runoff flowing to surface waters (including urban runoff and agricultural runoff, which may contain chemical fertilizers and pesticides); waste disposal and leaching into groundwater; eutrophication and c pollution: involves the accumulation of plastic products in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat, or article: pollutant. 22][23][24] manufacturing activities that cause air pollution impose health and clean-up costs on the whole society, whereas the neighbors of an individual who chooses to fire-proof his home may benefit from a reduced risk of a fire spreading to their own houses. If external costs exist, such as pollution, the producer may choose to produce more of the product than would be produced if the producer were required to pay all associated environmental costs. If there are external benefits, such as in public safety, less of the good may be produced than would be the case if the producer were to receive payment for the external benefits to pollution produced by ships may alter clouds, affecting global pollution comes from both natural and human-made (anthropogenic) sources. However, globally human-made pollutants from combustion, construction, mining, agriculture and warfare are increasingly significant in the air pollution equation. 26][27][28] china, united states, russia, india[29] mexico, and japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions. Principal stationary pollution sources include chemical plants, coal-fired power plants, oil refineries,[30] petrochemical plants, nuclear waste disposal activity, incinerators, large livestock farms (dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc. Agricultural air pollution comes from contemporary practices which include clear felling and burning of natural vegetation as well as spraying of pesticides and herbicides[31]. 35][36] in 2007, china has overtaken the united states as the world's biggest producer of co2,[37] while still far behind based on per capita pollution - ranked 78th among the world's nations. Some sources of pollution, such as nuclear power plants or oil tankers, can produce widespread and potentially hazardous releases when accidents the case of noise pollution the dominant source class is the motor vehicle, producing about ninety percent of all unwanted noise r information: soil pollution § health effects, toxic hotspots, and list of pollution-related ew of main health effects on humans from some common types of pollution. Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries. 48] the who estimated in 2007 that air pollution causes half a million deaths per year in india. Chemical and radioactive substances can cause cancer and as well as birth october 2017 study by the lancet commission on pollution and health found that global pollution, specifically toxic air, water, soils and workplaces, kill nine million people annually, which is triple the number of deaths caused by aids, tuberculosis and malaria combined, and 15 times higher than deaths caused by wars and other forms of human violence. 51] the study concluded that "pollution is one of the great existential challenges of the anthropocene era. Pollution endangers the stability of the earth’s support systems and threatens the continuing survival of human societies. Number of studies show that pollution has an adverse effect on the productivity of both indoor and outdoor workers. And article: regulation and monitoring of protect the environment from the adverse effects of pollution, many nations worldwide have enacted legislation to regulate various types of pollution as well as to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution. Litter trap catches floating waste in the yarra river, east-central victoria, pollution control system, known as a thermal oxidizer, decomposes hazard gases from industrial air streams at a factory in the united states of america. Without pollution control, the waste products from overconsumption, heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the environment. In the hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and waste minimization are more desirable than pollution control. In the field of land development, low impact development is a similar technique for the prevention of urban ion control pollution collection ostatic spray ic spray r venturi ically aided ntation (primary treatment). Activated carbon recovery earliest precursor of pollution generated by life forms would have been a natural function of their existence. At the extremes, for any form of life, consideration of pollution is superseded by that of humankind, the factor of technology is a distinguishing and critical consideration, both as an enabler and an additional source of byproducts. The solution to pollution is dilution", is a dictum which summarizes a traditional approach to pollution management whereby sufficiently diluted pollution is not harmful. But it assumes that the dilutant is in virtually unlimited supply for the application or that resulting dilutions are acceptable in all simple treatment for environmental pollution on a wider scale might have had greater merit in earlier centuries when physical survival was often the highest imperative, human population and densities were lower, technologies were simpler and their byproducts more benign.
61] migration from pollution dilution to elimination in many cases can be confronted by challenging economical and technological ouse gases and global article: global ical and projected co2 emissions by country (as of 2005). Dioxide, while vital for photosynthesis, is sometimes referred to as pollution, because raised levels of the gas in the atmosphere are affecting the earth's climate. Disruption of the environment can also highlight the connection between areas of pollution that would normally be classified separately, such as those of water and air. Recent studies have investigated the potential for long-term rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to cause slight but critical increases in the acidity of ocean waters, and the possible effects of this on marine polluting pure earth, an international non-for-profit organization dedicated to eliminating life-threatening pollution in the developing world, issues an annual list of some of the world's most polluting industries. History of ancient copper smelting pollution during roman and medieval times recorded in greenland ice". World resources institute: august 2008 monthly update: air pollution's causes, consequences and solutions archived 2009-05-01 at the wayback machine. Global pollution is the world's biggest killer and a threat to survival of mankind, study finds". The 'solution' to pollution is still 'dilution', archived from the original on may 4, 2008, retrieved 2013-07-22 cs1 maint: unfit url (link). The world's most polluted places: the top ten of the dirty thirty (pdf), archived from the original (pdf) on 2007-10-11, retrieved related to pollution at wikimedia up pollution in wiktionary, the free proposition 65 al toxicology program – from usa national institutes of health. Map epa's toxic release for toxic substances and disease registry – top 20 pollutants, how they affect people, what usa industries use them and the products in which they are logy tutorials from the national library of medicine – resources to review human 's worst polluted places 2007, according to the blacksmith binsk: the most contaminated spot on the planet documentary film by slawomir grünberg (1996). Des in the ediation of radioactive nmental ium in the in the m in the types of ion from spectrum -government l pollution control board (india). Living in social welfare of international of top international rankings by ries: pollutionenvironmental toxicologyhidden categories: webarchive template wayback linkscs1 errors: datescs1 maint: multiple names: authors listcs1 maint: unfit urlwikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pagesall articles with unsourced statementsarticles with unsourced statements from september 2017wikipedia articles with gnd identifiersarticles containing video logged intalkcontributionscreate accountlog pagecontentsfeatured contentcurrent eventsrandom articledonate to wikipediawikipedia out wikipediacommunity portalrecent changescontact links hererelated changesupload filespecial pagespermanent linkpage informationwikidata itemcite this a bookdownload as pdfprintable ansالعربيةܐܪܡܝܐঅসমীয়াasturianuavañe'ẽazərbaycancaবাংলাбеларускаяभोजपुरीбългарскиབོད་ཡིགcatalàčeštinacymraegdanskdavvisámegielladeutscheestiελληνικάespañolesperantoeuskaraفارسیføroysktfrançaisgaeilgegalego贛語ગુજરાતી한국어հայերենहिन्दीhrvatskibahasa indonesiaíslenskaitalianoעבריתಕನ್ನಡქართულიқазақшаkreyòl ayisyenкыргызчаlatgaļulatinalatviešulëtzebuergeschlietuviųmagyarмакедонскиമലയാളംमराठीbahasa melayuမြန်မာဘာသာnederlands日本語norsknorsk nynorskoccitanپښتوpatoispolskiportuguêsromânăruna simiрусскийshqipසිංහලsimple englishslovenčinaslovenščinaکوردیсрпски / srpskisrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиsuomisvenskatagalogதமிழ்తెలుగుไทยtürkçeукраїнськаاردوtiếng việtwalonwinaray粵語中文. A non-profit flasher edited this page apr 5, this wiki events/proposal calls/presentations on ub air -reviewed scientific literature on ub air ence proceedings, abstracts and webinars on ub air amba-hasenkopf peer project preliminary -reviewed literature on air pollution/atmospheric science(review/general papers). Air pollution photos taken by ub air pollution photos elsewhere purpose of this wiki is to provide a centralized location for data pertaining to air pollution in ulaanbaatar, mongolia. The site was created in order to benefit the local ub air pollution research community, scientists abroad looking for data on ub air pollution, and for general academic use. Is now a photo section to the wiki, in which photos related to ub air pollution can be added. Events/proposal calls/presentations on ub air post upcoming presentations on ub air pollution studies (or related studies) here. Also, if a recent presenter wants to put up links to a powerpoint, that would be great events (presentations over 12 months old may be deleted):Ulaanbaatar gestation and air pollution research (ugaar) study by simon fraser was be a talk by simon fraser prof. Recent who air pollution survey ranks ub as one of the most polluted cities in the world, in terms of pm10 and pm2. Or check out the actual data set in the data files section ad this flyer (pdf) in монгол xэл, in english, and combined, containing a short overview of air pollution in ub. Also listed under "data" below, thanks to john stampfl): check out the latest air quality conditions: up-to-date air quality measurments by the air quality department, capital city, ulaanbaatar, pollution in ulaanbaatar: public health impacts and research opportunities by prof. Ryan allen at the american center for mongolia studies speaker series, 22 jan air pollution presentation by s. Information from the workshop they can be accessed pollution studies in ulaanbaatar, mongolia: first steps by christa hasenkopf at acms in may 2011. Reviewed scientific literature on ub air al ambient air pollution correlates strongly with spontaneous abortion in mongolia, bmc pregnancy ence of asthma and allergic rhinitis among adult population in ulaanbaatar, mongolia, asia pacific allergy. Commentary) environmental pollution in mongolia: effects across the lifespan, environmental al characteristics of fine particulate matters measured during severe winter haze events in ulaanbaatar, mongolia, journal of the air & waste management use patterns and so2 and no2 pollution in ulaanbaatar, mongolia, environmental ulate pollution in ulaanbaatar, mongolia, air quality, atmosphere & particulate matter pollution in ulaanbaatar city, mongolia, international journal of , biomass burning smoke, and anthropogenic aerosol detected by polarization-sensitive mie lidar measurements in mongolia, atmospheric influence of emission sources and meteorological conditions on so2 pollution in mongolia, atmospheric particulate matter pollution in ulaanbaatar, mongolia: determination of composition, source contributions and source locations, atmospheric pollution assessment of air pollution and its attributable mortality in ulaanbaatar, mongolia, air quality, atmosphere & health. Major conclusion from the paper: it estimates 1 in 10 deaths in ulaanbaatar is attributable to the city's air pollution. Non-technical article on the monoxide pollution and lung function in urban compared with rural mongolian children, al composition of urban airborne particulate matter in ulaanbaatar, atmospheric willingness to pay for mortality risk reductions in mongolia, resource and energy economics. Not specifically on ub air pollution; nevertheless, important for understanding the ambient aerosol) what caused a recent increase in dust outbreaks over east asia? Property of water-soluble organic-enriched aerosols in ulaanbaatar, mongolia during the cold winter of 2007, atmospheric pollution and meteorological processes in the growing dryland city of urumqi (xinjiang, china), sci. Total study briefly mentions ub air c and inorganic aerosol compositions in ulaanbaatar, mongolia, during the cold winter of 2007 to 2008: dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls, journal of geophysical ence proceedings, abstracts and webinars on ub air nay engelke, henrik wallman, improved heating stoves for air pollution reduction in mongolia webinar hosted by winrock international and the u. Epa, july 12, amba, ton-pigott, mitigation of ulaanbaatar city's air pollution-from source apportionment to ultra-low emission lignite burning stoves, the presentation proceedings of international conference on domestic use of energy, 11-13 april 2011, cape peninsula university of technology, cape town, south amba s. And jostein nygaard results of pm air pollution baseline and source apportionment study of ulaanbaatar city of mongolia, proceedings of a&wma international specialty conference leapfrogging opportunities for air quality improvement, may 10-14, 2010, xi’an shaanxi province, china, p187-193 (~40mb). Evaluation results of the mca mongolia energy and environment project energy-efficient stove subsidy program , ulaanbaatar, mongolia annex mongol pollution and health in ulaanbaatar final project report prepared for the ministry of the environment and green development, ulaanbaatar, study of fuel and stove use behavior of mongolian ger households submitted to the millennium challenge quality analysis of ulaanbaatar : improving air quality to reduce health impacts, the world ia heating in poor, peri-urban ger areas of ulaanbaatar, the world pollution in ulaanbaatar initial assessment of current situation and effects of abatement measures, the world air pollution analysis for ulaanbaatar, the world bank consultant report, sarath guttikunda. Risk assessment of indoor air quality, world health ia : state of the environment 2002, united nations environment -to-date air quality measurments by the air quality department, capital city, ulaanbaatar, global outdoor air pollution survey amba-hasenkopf peer project preliminary note: this data is preliminary, unofficial, and subject to changes pending further analysis.
Please contact lodoysamba or hasenkopf below before citing or using and/or if you have any -reviewed literature on air pollution/atmospheric science(review/general papers). Quality, the national committee for the reduction of air pollution, ulaanbaatar, quality department, capital city, ulaanbaatar, air foundation, the special foundation of the government of clean air project, - bank - development bank - nations development programme - an lung association - government center for disease control - pollution website at the us cdc - nmental health perspectives journal - environmental protection agency, particulate matter webpage - environmental protection agency homepage - environmental protection agency air pollution webpage - an college of medical toxicology - the air in san francisco - usa. Air pollution photos taken by ub plants in november 2011, picture courtesy john sansar tunnel on 15 nov 2011. Reload to refresh your wikipedia, the free to: navigation, marine pollution can be obvious, as with the marine debris shown above, it is often the pollutants that cannot be seen that cause most pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural, and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Air pollution is also a contributing factor by carrying off pesticides or dirt into the ocean. Land and air pollution have proven to be harmful to marine life and its habitats. Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients. Adaptation and s to the marpol 73/78 convention on marine gh marine pollution has a long history, significant international laws to counter it were only enacted in the twentieth century. Marine pollution was a concern during several united nations conventions on the law of the sea beginning in the 1950s. Most scientists believed that the oceans were so vast that they had unlimited ability to dilute, and thus render pollution the late 1950s and early 1960s, there were several controversies about dumping radioactive waste off the coasts of the united states by companies licensed by the atomic energy commission, into the irish sea from the british reprocessing facility at windscale, and into the mediterranean sea by the french commissariat à l'energie atomique. After the mediterranean sea controversy, for example, jacques cousteau became a worldwide figure in the campaign to stop marine pollution. Marine pollution made further international headlines after the 1967 crash of the oil tanker torrey canyon, and after the 1969 santa barbara oil spill off the coast of pollution was a major area of discussion during the 1972 united nations conference on the human environment, held in stockholm. That year also saw the signing of the convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter, sometimes called the london convention. The london convention did not ban marine pollution, but it established black and gray lists for substances to be banned (black) or regulated by national authorities (gray). Also: water pollution § transport and chemical reactions of water are many ways to categorize and examine the inputs of pollution into our marine ecosystems. Notes that generally there are three main types of inputs of pollution into the ocean: direct discharge of waste into the oceans, runoff into the waters due to rain, and pollutants released from the common path of entry by contaminants to the sea are rivers. Point source pollution occurs when there is a single, identifiable, localized source of the pollution. Most of the pollution is simply soil, which ends up in rivers flowing to the sea. 5] much of this pollution finishes up in the article: surface also: urban runoff, stormwater, and nutrient e runoff from farming, as well as urban runoff and runoff from the construction of roads, buildings, ports, channels, and harbours, can carry soil and particles laden with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and minerals. This nutrient-rich water can cause fleshy algae and phytoplankton to thrive in coastal areas; known as algal blooms, which have the potential to create hypoxic conditions by using all available ed runoff from roads and highways can be a significant source of water pollution in coastal areas. 9] ships also create noise pollution that disturbs natural wildlife, and water from ballast tanks can spread harmful algae and other invasive species. They are also known to accumulate in benthic environments, such as estuaries and bay muds: a geological record of human activities of the last e and russian industrial pollution such as phenols and heavy metals in the amur river have devastated fish stocks and damaged its estuary soil. Lake in alberta, canada, once the best whitefish lake in the area, now has unacceptable levels of heavy metals in its sediment and and chronic pollution events have been shown to impact southern california kelp forests, though the intensity of the impact seems to depend on both the nature of the contaminants and duration of exposure. Also: noise pollution, acoustic ecology, the effects of noise on aquatic life, and marine mammals and life can be susceptible to noise or the sound pollution from sources such as passing ships, oil exploration seismic surveys, and naval low-frequency active sonar. To the oceanographer sylvia earle, "undersea noise pollution is like the death of a thousand cuts. 92] bjorn jennssen (2003) notes in his article, "anthropogenic pollution may reduce biodiversity and productivity of marine ecosystems, resulting in reduction and depletion of human marine food resources". 93] there are two ways the overall level of this pollution can be mitigated: either the human population is reduced, or a way is found to reduce the ecological footprint left behind by the average human. 95] it is often very difficult to regulate marine pollution because pollution spreads over international barriers, thus making regulations hard to create as well as enforce. Appropriate awareness of marine pollution, the necessary global will to effectively address the issues may prove inadequate. Balanced information on the sources and harmful effects of marine pollution need to become part of general public awareness, and ongoing research is required to fully establish, and keep current, the scope of the issues. As expressed in daoji and dag's research,[97] one of the reasons why environmental concern is lacking among the chinese is because the public awareness is low and therefore should be nmental impact of e patch state – environmental artwork intended to raise y pollution in the pollution toxicity to marine olm convention on persistent organic nations ocean conference. Daoji l and daler d (2004) "ocean pollution from land-based sources: east china sea, china" ambio, 33: 1–2. Oceans choke as plastic waste pours in at 8 million tonnes a year (free registration required), the financial , yh; hong, gh; neelamani, s; philip, l and shanmugam, p (2006) assessment of levels of coastal marine pollution of chennai city, southern india. Water resource management, 21(7), 1187–, l and dag, d (2004) ocean pollution from land-based sources: east china sea.
Ambio – a journal of the human environment, 33(1/2), 107–, bm; press, d and los huertos, m (2008) agricultural non-point sources: water pollution policy: the case of california's central coast. Press, oxford 2015, isbn l pollution information from the coastal ocean institute, woods hole oceanographic oil spill absorbent products e news / marine pollution spawns 'wonky babies'. Oceanographic data surface thermal energy surface surface ries: ocean pollutionoceanographical terminologyhidden categories: webarchive template wayback linksall articles with dead external linksarticles with dead external links from june 2017articles with permanently dead external linksuse dmy dates from march logged intalkcontributionscreate accountlog pagecontentsfeatured contentcurrent eventsrandom articledonate to wikipediawikipedia out wikipediacommunity portalrecent changescontact links hererelated changesupload filespecial pagespermanent linkpage informationwikidata itemcite this a bookdownload as pdfprintable ansالعربيةazərbaycancacatalàdanskeestiesperantoeuskaraفارسیfrançaisગુજરાતી한국어עבריתಕನ್ನಡkiswahiliമലയാളംbahasa melayu日本語norskportuguêsрусскийसंस्कृतम्simple englishslovenščinaதமிழ்türkçeукраїнська中文.