Secondary data dissertation methodology

Moving to university’ writing ge essays icant sity ultimate guide to writing a to do your dissertation secondary research in 4 you are reading this guide, it's very likely you may be doing secondary research for your dissertation, rather than primary. If this is indeed you, then here's the good news: secondary research is the easiest type of research! Like recruiting your participants, choosing and preparing your measures, and spending days (or months) collecting your said, you do still need to know how to do secondary research. So, go make a decent-sized mug of your favourite hot beverage (consider a glass of water, too) then come back and get 's what we'll cover in this guide:The basics: what's secondary research all about? Secondary ages of secondary antages of secondary s and purposes of secondary of secondary s of secondary ary research process in 4 1: develop your research question(s). 2: identify a secondary data 3: evaluate a secondary data 4: prepare and analyse secondary basics: what's secondary research all about? As you probably already know, primary research is when the researcher collects the data himself or herself. The researcher uses so-called “real-time” data, which means that the data is collected during the course of a specific research project and is under the researcher’s direct contrast, secondary research involves data that has been collected by somebody else previously. This type of data is called “past data” and is usually accessible via past researchers, government records, and various online and offline to recap, secondary research involves re-analysing, interpreting, or reviewing past data. The role of the researcher is always to specify how this past data informs his or her current contrast to primary research, secondary research is easier, particularly because the researcher is less involved with the actual process of collecting the data. 1 outlines the differences between primary and secondary research:Involves collecting factual, first-hand data at the time of the research es the use of data that was collected by somebody else in the researcher himself/ses specific needs of the not directly address the researcher’s cher is very cher is less ages of secondary er type of research you are conducting, always be aware of its strengths and limitations. If you look at the table above, you should already be able to discern some advantages of secondary of the most obvious advantages is that, compared to primary research, secondary research is inexpensive. Although researchers may need to purchase secondary data sets, this is always less costly than if the research were to be conducted from an undergraduate or graduate student, your dissertation project won't need to be an expensive endeavour. Thus, it is useful to know that you can further reduce costs, by using freely available secondary data this is far from the only students value another important advantage of secondary research, which is that secondary research saves you time. Primary research usually requires months spent recruiting participants, providing them with questionnaires, interviews, or other measures, cleaning the data set, and analysing the results. With secondary research, you can skip most of these daunting tasks; instead, you merely need to select, prepare, and analyse an existing data er, you probably won’t need a lot of time to obtain your secondary data set, because secondary data is usually easily accessible. In the past, students needed to go to libraries and spend hours trying to find a suitable data set. In most cases, you can find your secondary data through online search engines or by contacting previous researchers via email. Third important advantage of secondary research is that you can base your project on a large scope of data. If you wanted to obtain a large data set yourself, you would need to dedicate an immense amount of effort. What's more, if you were doing primary research, you would never be able to use longitudinal data in your graduate or undergraduate project, since it would take you years to complete. This is because longitudinal data involves assessing and re-assessing a group of participants over long periods of using secondary data, however, you have an opportunity to work with immensely large data sets that somebody else has already collected. Thus, you can also deal with longitudinal data, which may allow you to explore trends and changes of phenomena over secondary research, you are relying not only on a large scope of data, but also on professionally collected data. For instance, data that you will use for your secondary research project has been collected by researchers who are likely to have had years of experience in recruiting representative participant samples, designing studies, and using specific measurement you had collected this data yourself, your own data set would probably have more flaws, simply because of your lower level of expertise when compared to these professional antages of secondary now you may have concluded that using secondary data is a perfect option for your graduate or undergraduate dissertation. However, let’s not underestimate the disadvantages of doing secondary first such disadvantage is that your secondary data may be, to a greater or lesser extent, inappropriate for your own research purposes. This is simply because you have not collected the data you collect your data personally, you do so with a specific research question in mind. However, secondary data was always collected for the purposes of fulfilling other researchers’ goals and , although secondary data may provide you with a large scope of professionally collected data, this data is unlikely to be fully appropriate to your own research question. For instance, you may be interested in the data of a particular population, in a specific geographic region, and collected during a specific time frame. However, your secondary data may have focused on a slightly different population, may have been collected in a different geographical region, or may have been collected a long time from being potentially inappropriate for your own research purposes, secondary data could have a different format than you require. But the secondary data set may contain a categorical age variable; for example, participants might have indicated an age group they belong to (e. Differences such as these mean that secondary data may not be perfectly appropriate for your above two disadvantages may lead to yet another one: the existing data set may not answer your own research question(s) in an ideal way. As noted above, secondary data was collected with a different research question in mind, and this may limit its application to your own research unately, the list of disadvantages does not end here.

An additional weakness of secondary data is that you have a lack of control over the quality of data. But if the original researchers did not establish the reliability and validity of their data, this may limit its reliability and validity for your research as well. To establish reliability and validity, you are usually advised to critically evaluate how the data was gathered, analysed, and here lies the final disadvantage of doing secondary research: original researchers may fail to provide sufficient information on how their research was conducted. You might be faced with a lack of information on recruitment procedures, sample representativeness, data collection methods, employed measurement tools and statistical analyses, and the like. This may require you to take extra steps to obtain such information, if that is possible at 2 provides a full summary of advantages and disadvantages of secondary research:Inexpensive: conducting secondary research is much cheaper than doing primary opriateness: secondary data may not be fully appropriate for your research time: secondary research takes much less time than primary format: secondary data may have a different format than you ibility: secondary data is usually easily accessible from online not answer your research question: secondary data was collected with a different research question in scope of data: you can rely on immensely large data sets that somebody else has of control over the quality of data: secondary data may lack reliability and validity, which is beyond your sionally collected data: secondary data has been collected by researchers with years of of sufficient information: original authors may not have provided sufficient information on various research s and purposes of secondary far, we have defined secondary research and outlined its advantages and this point, we should ask: “what are the methods of secondary research? Here, we can differentiate between three methods of secondary research: using a secondary data set in isolation, combining two secondary data sets, and combining secondary and primary data sets. Let’s outline each of these separately, and also explain when to use each of these lly, you can use a secondary data set in isolation – that is, without combining it with other data sets. You dig and find a data set that is useful for your research purposes and then base your entire research on that set of data. You do this when you want to re-assess a data set with a different research question in ’s illustrate this with a simple example. Based on the literature, you have formed an idea that nationality may matter in this relationship between pregnancy and you wanted to test this relationship by collecting the data yourself, you would need to recruit many pregnant women of different nationalities and assess their anxiety levels throughout their pregnancy. It would take you at least a year to complete this research d of undertaking this long endeavour, you thus decide to find a secondary data set – one that investigated (for instance) a range of difficulties experienced by pregnant women in a nationwide sample. You are, therefore, re-assessing their data set with your own research question in research may, however, require you to combine two secondary data sets. You will use this kind of methodology when you want to investigate the relationship between certain variables in two data sets or when you want to compare findings from two past take an example: one of your secondary data sets may focus on a target population’s tendency to smoke cigarettes, while the other data set focuses on the same population’s tendency to drink alcohol. In your own research, you may thus be looking at whether there is a correlation between smoking and drinking among this is a second example: your two secondary data sets may focus on the same outcome variable, such as the degree to which people go to greece for a summer vacation. However, one data set could have been collected in britain and the other in germany. By comparing these two data sets, you can investigate which nation tends to visit greece y, your research project may involve combining primary and secondary data. Let’s also say that you live in london and that it would be difficult for you to assess americans’ attitudes on the topic, but clearly much more straightforward to conduct primary research on british this case, you can simply reuse the data from the american study and adopt exactly the same measures with your british participants. Alternatively, you may combine these types of data when the role of your secondary data is to outline descriptive information that supports your research. For instance, if your project is focusing on attitudes towards mcdonald’s food, you may want to support your primary research with secondary data that outlines how many people eat mcdonald’s in your country of 3 summarises particular methods and purposes of secondary research:Using secondary data set in -assessing a data set with a different research question in ing two secondary data igating the relationship between variables in two data sets or comparing findings from two past ing secondary and primary data ing existing information that informs your primary of secondary two most common types of secondary research are, as with all types of data, quantitative and qualitative. Secondary research can, therefore, be conducted by using either quantitative or qualitative data have already provided above several examples of using quantitative secondary data. This type of data is used when the original study has investigated a population’s tendency to smoke or drink alcohol, the degree to which people from different nationalities go to greece for their summer vacation, or the degree to which pregnant women experience all these examples, outcome variables were assessed by questionnaires, and thus the obtained data was tative secondary research is much more common than qualitative secondary research. However, this is not to say that you cannot use qualitative secondary data in your research project. This type of secondary data is used when you want the previously-collected information to inform your current research. In your own research, you can therefore reuse this qualitative data to form a questionnaire, which you then give to a larger population of people who live on boats. This will help you to generalise the previously-obtained qualitative results to a broader antly, you can also re-assess a qualitative data set in your research, rather than using it as a basis for your quantitative research. The original research did not focus on this research question per se – however, you can reuse the information from interviews to “extract” the types of descriptions of a transient lifestyle that were given by 4 highlights the two main types of secondary data and their associated purposes:Both can be used when you want to (a) inform your current research with past data, and (b) re-assess a past data can be used when you want to (a) inform your current research with past data, and (b) re-assess a past data s of secondary two most common types of secondary data sources are labelled as internal and al sources of data are those that are internal to the organisation in question. For instance, if you are doing a research project for an organisation (or research institution) where you are an intern, and you want to reuse some of their past data, you would be using internal data benefit of using these sources is that they are easily accessible and there is no associated financial cost of obtaining al sources of data, on the other hand, are those that are external to an organisation or a research institution. This type of data has been collected by “somebody else”, in the literal sense of the term. The benefit of external sources of data is that they provide comprehensive data – however, you may sometimes need more effort (or money) to obtain ’s now focus on different types of internal and external secondary data are several types of internal sources. For instance, if your research focuses on an organisation’s profitability, you might use their sales data. Each organisation keeps a track of its sales records, and thus your data may provide information on sales by geographical area, types of customer, product prices, types of product packaging, time of the year, and the atively, you may use an organisation’s financial data. The purpose of using this data could be to conduct a cost-benefit analysis and understand the economic opportunities or outcomes of hiring more people, buying more vehicles, investing in new products, and so r type of internal data is transport data.

Here, you may focus on outlining the safest and most effective transportation routes or vehicles used by an atively, you may rely on marketing data, where your goal would be to assess the benefits and outcomes of different marketing operations and other ideas would be to use customer data to ascertain the ideal type of customer, or to use safety data to explore the degree to which employees comply with an organisation’s safety list of the types of internal sources of secondary data can be extensive; the most important thing to remember is that this data comes from a particular organisation itself, in which you do your research in an internal list of external secondary data sources can be just as extensive. These can include social surveys, health data, agricultural statistics, energy expenditure statistics, population censuses, import/export data, production statistics, and the like. Government agencies tend to conduct a lot of research, therefore covering almost any kind of topic you can think r external source of secondary data are national and international institutions, including banks, trade unions, universities, health organisations, etc. As with government, such institutions dedicate a lot of effort to conducting up-to-date research, so you simply need to find an organisation that has collected the data on your own topic of atively, you may obtain your secondary data from trade, business, and professional associations. These usually have data sets on business-related topics and are likely to be willing to provide you with secondary data if they understand the importance of your research. If your research is built on past academic studies, you may also rely on scientific journals as an external data you have specified what kind of secondary data you need, you can contact the authors of the original a final example of a secondary data source, you can rely on data from commercial research organisations. These usually focus their research on media statistics and consumer information, which may be relevant if, for example, your research is within media studies or you are investigating consumer 5 summarises the two sources of secondary data and associated examples:Definition: internal to the organisation or research institution where you conduct your tion: external to the organisation or research institution where you conduct your es: • sales data • financial data • transport data • marketing data • customer data • safety es: • government sources • national and international institutions • trade, business, and professional associations • scientific journals • commercial research ary research process in 4 previous sections of this guide, we have covered some basic aspects of doing secondary research. We have defined secondary data, outlined its advantages and disadvantages, introduced the methods and purposes of secondary research, and outlined the types and sources of secondary this point, you should have a clearer understanding of secondary research in general it may be useful to focus on the actual process of doing secondary research. At the end of this blog post, in table 6, you will find a summary of all the steps of doing secondary 1: develop your research question(s). 2: identify a secondary data we mentioned above, most research begins by specifying what is already known on the topic and what knowledge seems to be missing. This process involves considering the kind of data previously collected on the is at this point, after reviewing the literature and specifying your research questions, that you may decide to rely on secondary data. You will do this if you discover that there is past data that would be perfectly reusable in your own research, therefore helping you to answer your research question more thoroughly (and easily). How do you discover if there is past data that could be useful for your research? During this process, you will identify other researchers, organisations, agencies, or research centres that have explored your research ere there, you may discover a useful secondary data set. You then need to contact the original authors and ask for a permission to use their data. Note, however, that this happens only if you are relying on external sources of secondary data. Within a particular organisation), you don’t need to search through the literature for a secondary data set – you can just reuse some past data that was collected within the organisation itself. Any case, you need to ensure that a secondary data set is a good fit for your own research question. Once you have established that it is, you need to specify the reasons why you have decided to rely on secondary instance, your choice to rely on secondary data in the above examples might be as follows: (1) a recent study has focused on a range of mental difficulties experienced by women in a multinational sample and this data can be reused; (2) there is existing data on germans’ and britons’ interest in greek tourism and these data sets can be compared; and (3) there is existing qualitative research on the reasons for choosing to live on boats, and this data can be relied upon to conduct a further quantitative 3: evaluate a secondary data you recall our previous discussion on the disadvantages of secondary data, you will remember us specifying that: (1) secondary data may not be fully appropriate for your research purposes, (2) secondary data may have a different format than you require, (3) secondary data may lack reliability and validity, (4) secondary data may not answer your research question, and (5) original authors may have failed to provide sufficient information about their e such disadvantages of secondary data can limit the effectiveness of your research, it is crucial that you evaluate a secondary data set. To ease this process, we outline here a reflective approach that will allow you to evaluate secondary data in a stepwise 3(a): what was the aim of the original study? Well, you are seeking to reuse this data set to investigate national differences in anxiety experienced by women during different pregnancy stages. When it comes to the second research example, you are basing your research on two secondary data sets – one that aimed to investigate germans’ interest in greek tourism and the other that aimed to investigate britons’ interest in greek these two studies focused on particular national populations, the aim of your research is to compare germans’ and britons’ tendency to visit greece for summer vacation. Your research question is different, because, although you are seeking to do the same investigation, you wish to do so by using a quantitative antly, in all three examples, you conclude that secondary data may in fact answer your research question. If you conclude otherwise, it may be wise to find a different secondary data set or to opt for primary 3(b): who has collected the data? Further step in evaluating a secondary data set is to ask yourself who has collected the data. Usually, you will be able to obtain this information through quick online ’s say that, in our example of research on pregnancy, data was collected by the uk government; that in our example of research on greek tourism, the data was collected by a travel agency; and that in our example of research on the reasons for choosing to live on boats, the data was collected by researchers from a uk ’s also say that you have checked the background of these organisations and researchers, and that you have concluded that they all have a sufficiently professional background, except for the travel agency. Given that this agency’s research did not lead to a publication (for instance), and given that not much can be found about the authors of the research, you conclude that the professionalism of this data source remains 3(c): which measures were employed? This information can be obtained either in their final research report or through contacting the authors is important for you to know what type of data was collected, which measures were used, and whether such measures were reliable and valid (if they were quantitative measures). You also need to make a clear outline of the type of data collected – and especially the data relevant for your ’s say that, in our first example, researchers have (among other assessed variables) used a demographic measure to note women’s nationalities and have used the state anxiety inventory to assess women’s anxiety levels during different pregnancy stages, both of which you conclude are valid and reliable tools. And in our third example, the authors have employed semi-structured interviews, which cover the most important reasons for wanting to live on 3(d): when was the data collected? The reason for this is simple: if the data was collected a long time ago, you may conclude that it is outdated. For the sake of our examples, let’s say that all three original studies were conducted within this 3(e): what methodology was used to collect the data?

Evaluating the quality of a secondary data set, the evaluation of the employed methodology may be the most crucial have already noted that you need to evaluate the reliability and validity of employed measures. Any drawbacks in the original methodology may limit your own research as the sake of our examples, let’s say that the study on mental difficulties in pregnant women recruited a representative sample of pregnant women (i. Finally, let’s assume that our third research example also had sufficient methodology, with a sufficiently large sample size for a qualitative investigation (n = 30), high sample representativeness (participants with different backgrounds, coming from different boat communities), and sufficient analyses (thematic analysis). That, since this was a qualitative investigation, there is no need to evaluate the number of missing values and the use of 3(f): making a final considered all the things outlined in the steps above, what can you conclude regarding the quality of your secondary data set? Again, let’s consider our three would conclude that the secondary data from our first research example has a high quality. Data was recently collected by professionals, the employed measures were both reliable and valid, and the methodology was more than sufficient. We can be confident that our new research question can be sufficiently answered with the existing data. Thus, the data set for our first example is two secondary data sets from our second research example seem, however, less than ideal. Although we can answer our research questions on the basis of these recent data sets, the data was collected by an unprofessional source, the reliability and validity of the employed measure is uncertain, and the employed methodology has a few notable y, the data from our third example seems sufficient both for answering our research question and in terms of the specific evaluations (data was collected recently by a professional source, semi-structured interviews were well made, and the employed methodology was sufficient). Final question to ask is: “what can be done if our evaluation reveals the lack of appropriateness of secondary data? In this instance, you can only note the drawbacks of the original data set, present its limitations, and conclude that your own research may not be sufficiently well 4: prepare and analyse secondary the secondary data evaluation process, you will familiarise yourself with the original research. Having done so, your next step is to prepare a secondary data first sub-step here (if you are doing quantitative research) is to outline all variables of interest that you will use in your study. Once your variables of interest are identified, you need to transfer this data into a new spss or excel file. Remember simply to copy this data into the new file – it is vital that you do not alter it! This is done, you should address missing data (identify and label them) and recode variables if necessary (e. For instance, in our example of research on anxiety during pregnancy, your data will consist of scores on each item of the state anxiety inventory, completed at various times during pregnancy. You will need to calculate final anxiety scores for each time the measure was final step consists of analysing the data. You will always need to decide on the most suitable analysis technique for your secondary data set. Process of preparing and analysing a secondary data set is slightly different if your secondary data is qualitative. Then you would need to craft a questionnaire that assesses these reasons in a broader y, you would need to analyse the data by employing statistical that this example combines qualitative and quantitative data. But what if you are reusing qualitative data, as in our previous example of re-coding the interviews from our study to discover the language used when describing transient lifestyles? Here, you would simply need to recode the interviews and conduct a thematic for doing secondary e 1: using secondary data in e 2: combining two secondary data e all variables of interest; transfer data to a new file; address missing data; recode variables; calculate final scores; analyse the data. Recent study has focused on a range of mental difficulties experienced by women in a multinational sample and this data can be is existing data on germans’ and britons’ interest in greek tourism and these data sets can be is existing qualitative research on the reasons for choosing to live on boats, and this data can be relied upon to conduct a further quantitative investigation. Prepare and analyse secondary e all variables of interest; transfer data to a new file; address missing data; recode variables; calculate final scores; analyse the e all variables of interest; transfer data to a new file; address missing data; recode variables; calculate final scores; analyse the e all reasons for living on boats; craft a questionnaire that assesses these reasons in a broader population; analyse the might have been a long read to accompany your cup of coffee or tea, but you should, by now, know how to do your secondary research. Just follow the guidelines summarised in table 6 and you are all ultimate guide to writing a all articles in the g up the results section of your tation findings and discussion to correctly reference a tation helpdissertation primary researchdissertation researchdissertation tipsstudy skillsstudy to undergraduate dissertations in the social is a dissertation? Questions further sibility in the research ision of the g the ping your academic style of way you approach your question will have a profound effect upon the way you construct your dissertation, so this section discusses the types of research you might undertake for your dissertation. The use of literature and case studies is considered and the merits of primary research are debated and advice is given on the use of existing research data. You may not be fond of statistics, but the potential relevance of a quantitative approach should be considered and similarly, the idea of qualitative analysis and conducting your own research may yield valuable data. Approach' means something more than the type of data you use – it refers to your overall orientation to research and the type of claims you will make for your study. Dissertations can be based on either quantitative or qualitative data, or on a combination of both. You need to be able to justify why you have chosen to use such data. Quantitative data is particularly useful when you wish to discover how common particular forms of behaviour such as illegal drug use are for a particular age group.

Qualitative data is particularly useful when you wish to find out why people engage in such about the research methods modules you have taken so far. Will probably want to use large datasets and undertake quantitative data analysis, and you will be adopting a realist approach to the topic studied. Quantitative dissertations are likely to be nearer to the lower end of the range of approved lengths for the dissertation (e. If the length is to be 5,000-8,000 words, dissertations based on quantitative analysis are likely to be closer to 5,000 words in length). Remember that all tables must be carefully titled and labelled and that sources of your data must be if i want to record people's views on an issue, and give them a 'voice'? Will probably want to use in-depth qualitative data, and you may wish to adopt a realist, a phenomenologist, or a constructionist approach to the topic. Qualitative dissertations will include descriptive material, usually extracts from interviews, conversations, documents or field notes, and are therefore likely to be nearer to the upper limit of your word range (e. The types of method suitable for a dissertation could include content analysis, a small scale ethnographic study, small scale in-depth qualitative r you choose qualitative or quantitative analysis will depend on several things:Your preferred philosophical approach (realist, phenomenologist or constructionist). Skills and abilities with methods of data collection (if needed) and topic or issue you are interested you frame your research i combine qualitative and quantitative methods? After doing your quantitative analysis, you should include a chapter or section on the qualitative data you have collected. In your discussion of findings you can use the qualitative data to help you understand the patterns in the quantitative may be interested in doing an evaluative case study of a process or policy. You will analyse each type of data and describe this, and then write a discussion that shows how each piece of analysis contributes to the overall picture of what is going supervisor or research methods tutor may be able to give you detailed examples of these or other ways to combine my dissertation be entirely literature-based? If you decide to do a primarily theoretical dissertation, it is almost certain that your dissertation will be entirely literature-based. This is likely to be the methodology of theoretical analysis: selection and discussion of theoretical material and descriptive material, in context, and detailed comparison of theories in terms of their applicability. Remember that theoretical studies, like data-based studies, need to have their research design spelled out from the even if your dissertation is more empirically focused, it could still be entirely literature-based. While all dissertations will include a literature review, it is possible to produce a dissertation that is entirely based on a review of the literature. It is possible for dissertations to be entirely literature-based, the most common form of dissertation takes the form of a case study. The attraction of this kind of dissertation is that it stems from empirical curiosity but is at the same time practical. A major challenge in case study dissertations is connecting your own primary research or re-analysis with the broader theoretical themes and empirical concerns of the existing 's an empirical study? In other words, you usually have to analyse data that you have either collected yourself or data that is already available. The reason for this is that the questions dissertations usually address take the following form: is x happening? These questions demand primary or secondary analysis of study 9 think hard before you decide to undertake empirical research: a student's is secondary analysis? It allows the researcher to explore areas of interest without having to go through the process of collecting data themselves in the field. The problem with using fieldwork methods in an undergraduate dissertation, however, is that they are costly in terms of time (which is relatively scarce in your final year! You may choose, therefore, to undertake secondary research, analysing existing do i find existing research data? Here you would not be collecting your own data but instead would be analysing existing ad case study 6 media you are interested, for example, in doing historical research, you may need to visit archives. Government reports and autobiographies may also be used as documents include official statistics, datasets (statistical data), and banks of interview transcripts which are all freely available to the academic community. Research methods tutors on your course will be able to advise on the availability and accessibility of such data are some advantages of doing secondary analysis, particularly if you are doing a quantitative study. You will be able to work with much larger datasets than you could have collected yourself. This has the following advantages:They allow you to discuss trends and social data are often collected through a random sample, which allows you to generalise to the population under may also allow you to make comparisons over time, as some datasets are products of longitudinal studies. Smaller, more targeted datasets may also be ary analysis has disadvantages also: the data were collected for a purpose different from have to find out something about that purpose, as well as the methods of collection, in order to justify your use of a secondary ting you own data - primary tative data may also result from non-participant observations or other measurements (e. Also, sometimes data that are collected through qualitative processes (participant observation, interviews) are coded and quantified.

Your research methods tutor can give you further information on these types of data, but here are some common quantitative data collection methods and their definitions:Self-completion questionnaires. Self-completion questionnaires are good for collecting data on relatively simple topics, and for gaining a general overview of an issue. Below are some data collection methods that you might want to use for your dissertation:A way of asking questions which allows the interviewee to have more control of the interview. The researcher will observe behaviour, listen to conversations, and ask some time looking at general books about research - they will give you an overview of the data collection methods available and help you to make the best choice for your project. You need to show in the final dissertation how you have given consideration to different methods, and why you have chosen and eliminated t voice: findings from our our study, supervisors saw part of their role as someone who draws out students’ reasons for choosing a particular research approach. Reasons for data collection is literature based as my research question involved sensitive subjects which would have been unsuitable for primary data collection. Chose primary data because it would enable me to build skills that would be useful for postgraduate study. Will involve primary data, secondary data, quantitative and qualitative research methods, lit reviews, theory and policy studies and an exploration of alternatives. My dissertation is to be based around the experience of 'poverty', as poverty is the experience. Research must be conducted in a sensible and ethical manner; data must be analysed and presented in a rational manner. Students need the approval of their dissertation supervisor before embarking on any type of fieldwork (see the section on research ethics for more information). These links are not hard and fast – for instance, experimental research, designed to test a particular theory through developing a hypothesis and creating an experimental design, may use quantitative or qualitative data or a combination. At the start of your research you need to set down clearly:Your research focus and research you propose to examine the topic:Methods of data s of data types and sources of information you you will access these sources of information (be they people, existing datasets, biographical accounts, media articles or websites, official records). Proposed outcome of this research (in your case, a dissertation) and the form it will take. A quantitative approach will mean you will need substantial datasets, as well as the inclusion of tables and statistics in your final submission. Apart from matching your research to your general sense of objective/subjective reality, it is important to ensure that you match your methodology to the problem you are kind of data do you need to answer your question/test your hypothesis? You will find it helpful to plot your research questions on the chart on the next page and ensure that your plans for collecting data really answer the question as well as avoiding ethical this stage you must be really ruthless with yourself. It will be better to go back to the drawing board now, than once the project is ant: whatever approach you settle on, you must be able to justify its appropriateness to your topic and the data required to answer your question already exist or will you have to generate your own data? This resource has been developed in partnership by the higher education academy and sheffield hallam to undergraduate dissertations in the social is a dissertation? Chance to apply for one of our 15 exclusive pgs tic scholarship postgrad news sent directly to , i'd like to sign aduate open days & ng your postgraduate ng for a masters of studying your ce learning / online h language ad solutions study aduate funding and fees g for postgrad courses in aduate & chevening lture, horticulture & veterinary ecture & ering & ges, literature & area e, hospitality & ne & ational and an postgraduate an university an university an visas & an study an fees & an student european postgraduate university immigration & study student postgraduate university visas & study r information about studying in ad law in the course database a-z of / distance s/diploma/pg non-eu (any country). And the tation for phd you are a taking a taught or research-based masters course, or doing a phd , then you will likely be asked to present a dissertation that includes research and data from a project of your own design. One of the key factors in writing a dissertation that successfully presents your research is the dissertation is the methodology? Is the section of your dissertation that explains how you carried out your research, where your data comes from, what sort of data gathering techniques you used, and so forth. Generally, someone reading your methodology should have enough information to be able to create methods very similar to the ones you used to obtain your data, but you do not have to include any questionnaires, reviews, interviews, etc that you used to conduct your research here. This section is primarily for explaining why you chose to use those particular techniques to gather your data. Scientific information included in the dissertation methodology is similar to the process of creating a science project: you need to present the subject that you aim to examine, and explain the way you chose to go about approaching your research. There are several different types of research, and research analysis, including primary and secondary research, and qualitative and quantitative analysis, and in your dissertation methodology, you will explain what types you have employed in assembling and analysing your aspect of the methodology section is important, not just for detailing how your research was conducted, but also how the methods you used served your purposes, and were more appropriate to your area of study than other methods. For example, if you create and use a series of ‘yes’ or ‘no’ survey questions, which you then processed into percentages per response, then the quantitative method of data analysis to determine the results of data gathered using a primary research method. You would then want to explain why this combination was more appropriate to your topic than say, a review of a book that included interviews with participants asking open-ended questions: a combination of secondary research and qualitative data g a dissertation is important to keep in mind that your dissertation methodology is about description: you need to include details in this section that will help others understand exactly what you aimed to do, how you went about doing it, and why you chose to do it that way. If you are using secondary sources when writing your dissertation methodology, or books containing data collected by other researchers, then you won’t necessarily need to include quite as much detail in your description of your methods, although you may want to be more thorough in your description of your may also want to do some research into research techniques – it sounds redundant, but it will help you identify what type of research you are doing, and what types will be best to achieve the most cohesive results from your project. It will also help you write your dissertation methodology section, as you won’t have to guess when it comes to whether documents written in one time period, re-printed in another, and serialised in book form in a third are primary, secondary, or tertiary sources. It is important to show that you have carefully researched what data already exists, and are seeking to build on the knowledge that has already been collected.

As with all of your dissertation, be sure that you’ve fully supported your research with a strong academic basis. Use research that has already been conducted to illustrate that you know your subject e your dissertation methodology is basically an explanation of your research, you may want to consider writing it – or at least drafting it – as you gather your data. Analysing your own methods of research may help you spot any errors in data collection, interpretation or example of dissertation methodology are several ways that you can structure your methodology, and the following headings are designed to further give you a better idea of what you may want to include, as well as how you might want to present your findings:Research overview: where you reiterate the topic of your ch design: how you’ve set up your project, and what each piece of it aims to collection: what you used to collect the data (surveys, questionnaires, interviews, trials, etc. Don’t forget to includes sample size and any attempts to defeat analysis: finally, what does your data mean in the context of your research? And how any variables, spurious or otherwise factor into your d editorial ative research v quantitative tative tips when writing your hing you need to know about your research ng a dissertation to edit your own postgraduate to effectively conduct postgraduate tips for easy postgraduate letter for a r 6th, 2017 -->. Is there anyone who can write a 10 page research paper dissertation research methodology secondary data how to write a good application 2014 mba admission essays buy. This dissertation research methodology secondary data project involves dividend policy research paper secondary data dissertation essay for dissertation research methodology secondary data scholarship abroad write a comparison essay. Methodology dissertation secondary data develop and test the proposed how to do your dissertation secondary research in 4 steps 10 jul 2017 the. 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This is likely to be the methodology of to undertake secondary research, analysing existing data. Data collection and analysis methods methodology chapter of your dissertation should include discussions dissertation research methodology secondary data about the methods of data analysis. Thesis proposal sample pdf dissertation using secondary data dissertation using secondary research dissertation using secondary research research methodology. Methodology chapter of your dissertation should include discussions dissertation research methodology secondary data about the methods of data analysis.