Teenage pregnancy abstract
Extreme poverty and being the son or daughter of an adolescent mother are risk factors of repeating the early pregnancy model. The application of predictive risk criteria in pregnant adolescents to facilitate the rational use of health services to diminish the maternal and perinatal mortality is discussed as well as the social factors associated with adolescent pregnancy as socioeconomic levels, structure – types and characteristics of the family, early leaving school, schooling after delivery, female employment, lack of sexual education, parental and family attitudes in different periods of adolescent pregnancy, adolescent decisions on pregnancy and children, unstable partner relationship and adoption as an option. Karger ag, international: com | de | to desktop american journal of microsite search american journal of the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public ls career ising and corporate -archiving american journal of mobile search als and of teenage pregnancy on educational disabilities in a v. The association of young maternal age and long-term morbidity is usually confounded, however, by the high prevalence of poverty, low level of education, and single marital status among teenage mothers. The authors assess the independent effect of teenage pregnancy on educational disabilities and educational problems in a total population of children who entered kindergarten in florida in 1992–1994 and investigate how controlling for potentially confounding factors affects the relation between teenage pregnancies and poor outcome.
When no other factors are taken into account, children of teenage mothers have significantly higher odds of placement in certain special education classes and significantly higher occurrence of milder education problems, but when maternal education, marital status, poverty level, and race are controlled, the detrimental effects disappear and even some protective effects are observed. Hence, the increased risk for educational problems and disabilities among children of teenage mothers is attributed not to the effect of young age but to the confounding influences of associated sociodemographic factors. In contrast to teen age, older maternal age has an adverse effect on a child's educational outcome regardless of whether other factors are controlled for or development, education, special, logistic models, morbidity, pregnancy in adolescence, socioeconomic factorseh, emotionally handicapped, emh, educable mentally handicapped, iq, intelligence quotient, ld, learning disabled, pi, physically impaired, pmh, profoundly mentally handicapped, tmh, trainable mentally handicappedteenage pregnancy has long been identified as a risk factor for adverse perinatal and long-term outcomes (1). The occurrence of low birth weight has been observed to be much higher among children of teenage mothers than among children of women beyond adolescence (1–11), and giving birth during the teen years has been found to be associated with a higher risk of prematurity (2, 9, 12). The large sample size (more than 300,000 records) allowed us to control several important confounders by using multivariable models and to study the effect of maternal teenage on rare previous studies that focus on the long-term outcomes of children use as their outcome measure scores on tests of academic achievement, neurologic functioning, and teacher and parent reports.
We fit a variety of models to assess the confounding influences of risk factors for educational problems and investigate the effect of maternal age among subpopulations of teenage mothers. Maternal age was a four-category variable with a young teenage group (ages 11–17 years), a late teenage group (ages 18–19 years), older mothers (age ≥ 36 years), and mid-age mothers (ages 20–35 years). A few perinatal variables were also considered: birth weight, a seven-category variable (450–749, 750–999, 1,000–1,499, 1,500–2,499, 2,500–2,999, 3,000–4,749, and 4,750–6,049 g), congenital anomaly, complications of labor, and prenatal care were yes or no variables, and previous pregnancy experience was defined as previous failed pregnancies, no previous pregnancy, or one or more previous, successful pregnancies with no failures. The odds ratios for older age in the complete multivariable model were not significantly different from those in the univariable model, so the decisions were based only on the estimates for the maternal teenage categories. The patterns were consistent for all outcomes in both teenage groups (odds ratios changed in the same direction).
A limitation of the current strategy is that the relative importance of a predictor depends on the other predictors present in the e of a lack of sufficient variability in education within the maternal teenage categories, it was difficult to separate the effect of age from that of education in these groups. To check whether there was an age effect in the youngest teenage group, we performed an additional analysis in which we considered only children of mothers aged 11–17 years with less than a high school education who were unmarried and poor. This analysis addresses the question of whether there is a detrimental effect of younger age for the most typical teenagers. The standardized percentages for placement in the various special education categories and in the academic problems category for both teenage groups tend to be lower than the corresponding raw percentages. Hence, there is some evidence that a large number of children of teenage mothers show disabilities or academic problems not because of the effect of having a teenage mother per se but because of the confounding influences of other factors.
When no other factors were taken into account, children of mothers in both teenage groups were found to be at a significantly increased risk for emh, pmh, eh, and academic problems. The odds were about twice as high for emh, pmh, and eh for the younger teenagers (odds ratio = 2. However, when all of the other factors were included in the model, the only significant odds ratios were smaller than one, and hence, maternal teenage appeared to have some protective effects. Pi, physically impaired; si, sensory impaired; pmh, profoundly mentally handicapped; tmh, trainable mentally handicapped; emh, educable mentally handicapped; ld, learning disabled; eh, emotionally handicapped; ap, academic largeto investigate which of the sociodemographic predictors were the strongest confounders of the relation between birth to a teenager and educational placement, we deleted factors from the main effects model with all sociodemographic predictors and compared the estimated generalized odds ratios. Children of teenage mothers are less likely to have older siblings and may get more attention at home than do children of older mothers (19).
Of the complete confounding present in the youngest teenage group between maternal education and maternal teen age (no mothers with more than a high school education were available in this age group), it is impossible to separate the effects of maternal age and maternal education for children of mothers aged 11–17 years. Among young teenagers aged 11–17 years, being younger by 1 year led to a significant increase of about 44 percent in the odds for placement in the eh group and of about 24 percent in the odds for placement in emh group. In all other cross-classifications of sociodemographic factors, the age effect was either not estimable or not lized odds ratios for the effects of a 1-year decrease in maternal age on educational outcomes among subpopulations of teenagers, florida,1992–1994† subpopulation educational placement pi‡ si‡ pmh‡ tmh‡ emh‡ ld‡ eh‡ ap‡ age 11–17 years, less than high school education, unmarried, poor (n = 12,430) or‡ 0. The odds ratios estimate the effect of a 1-year decrease in maternal age among young teenagers aged 11–17 years. Our findings concerning educational disabilities are consistent with results from previous studies on children's educational achievement that adverse consequences of teenage childbearing appear to be due to social and economic origins rather than to the effects of young age per se (14, 16, 22, 23, 25).
Fortunately, sociodemographic factors such as maternal education are remedial, and intervention programs targeted at teenage mothers have been shown to ameliorate some of the negative consequences of teenage parenting (33). These findings underscore the importance and value of high school graduation programs for teenage teen age, older maternal age was found to be a risk factor for certain types of educational disabilities regardless of whether other risk factors were controlled. A number of studies (13, 14, 16, 18, 22) attribute lower cognitive scores (corresponding to the categories ld and academic problems) among children of teenagers to decreased vocalization and poor parenting e of the lack of information on the sociodemographic status of the mothers on the kindergarten records, almost all predictor variables considered were measured at birth. The risk for educational problems for a child whose teenage mother completed high school after the child's birth is likely to be smaller than that for a child whose teenage mother did not advance her education after the birth; yet both cases are treated the same way in our sample. The restriction of the study sample to only young teenagers with less than a high school education who were unmarried and poor and the treatment of maternal age as a continuous variable allowed us to assess the independent effect of age on the outcome within the subpopulation of most typical teenage mothers.
A more plausible explanation is that children of younger teenagers are at a disadvantage because of environmental conclusion, children of teenage mothers are at a higher risk for disabilities in kindergarten, but this increased risk appears to be due not to a biological effect of the young age of the mother per se but to the confounding influences of associated sociodemographic and/or environmental factors. Prevention of teenage pregnancies should continue to be an important public policy goal, and programs should target teenage mothers to ameliorate the effects of more important predictors such as low maternal education, single marital status, poverty, and minority race that are likely to continue to place the children of teenage mothers at risk for adverse outcomes after birth. Maternal youth and pregnancy outcomes: middle school versus high school age groups compared with women beyond the teen years. It furthers the university's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing ght © 2017 oxford university feature is available to subscribers in or create an pdf is available to subscribers article abstract & purchase full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual unintended and in most cases unwanted pregnancy brings teenagers before a crisis. Teenage birth rate has declined from 9% in 1985 to 5,2% in 2002, but it still remains a serious medical and social problem.
The high rate of teenage childbearing among minority and disadvantaged groups, documented in the united states and the united kingdom, is consistent with the hypothesis that lack of opportunity and socioeconomic disadvantage contribute to teenage childbearing. There is also evidence from studies in the united states that better communication between parents and their adolescent children is associated with later sexual initiation and lower teenage childbearing. Strategies have been developed by most governments in order to reduce the number of teenage pregnancies and counter the epidemic of hiv and aids. Formal sex education programs may increase knowledge about reproductive health and improve the use of methods to protect against pregnancy and sexually transmitted (s): koutelekos cted/indexed onic journals ory of research journal indexing (drji). Related slideshares at ct on teenage hed on apr 19, you sure you want message goes you sure you want message goes the first to like ct on teenage pregnancy.
Each week of pregnancy brings with changes and feelings that may require some explanations and support, to the ncy is one of the pivotal moments of a women's life but not when they are young with. The stress of pregnancy, revelation of pregnancy to parents, on despite the shame and worry can be nerve-racking. Indeed pregnancy teen hood will never be has one of the highest rates of early marriage and child bearing. Latest data suggests that teen pregnancy in india is high with 62 pregnant teens every 1,000 women. It ted that 17% of total fertility rate is contributed by adolescent pregnancy below the 20 years and especially below this age they lead to increased maternal mortality sed incidence of low birth weight e pregnancy is a fairly common occurrence in india, due to many factors early marriages, girls reaching puberty at younger ages and high specific fertility rate in cent age group.
The pregnant teenager may not be quite fit to bear the burden ncy and labor at a tender age, as efficiently as a woman in her twenties. Maternal tal morbidity and mortality in teenagers is influenced by medical complication a, anaemia, cephalo pelvic disproportion and social problems like unwanted order to improve the quality of life of adolescent girls regarding teenage its complications, provision must be made by creating awareness. Administration of stp e their knowledge as well as increase their well ent of the problem:“a study to assess the effectiveness of structured mme (stp) on knowledge regarding teenage pregnancy and cations among adolescent girls in selected school ives of the study:I. To assess the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of teenage pregnancy and cations among adolescent girls in experimental . To assess the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of teenage pregnancy and cations among adolescent girls in control .
To compare the knowledge scores regarding teenage pregnancy and its complications mental and control group. Hence it can be concluded that the structured teaching programme was effective ing the knowledge of adolescent girls on teenage pregnancy and its words: structured teaching programme, effectiveness, knowledge, teenage its ic research foundations: course - linkedin 2016 for course - linkedin ng to run course - linkedin of a research e pregnancy in the clark luinor pregnancy ing the relationship between re-entry, teen pregnancies & early marriag... This article examines trends in teenage pregnancy in canada, focussing on induced abortions, live births and fetal loss among women aged 15 to 19 in 1997. Analytical techniques: pregnancy rates, abortion rates, live birth rates and fetal loss rates are calculated using population counts of women in the age groups 15 to 17, 18 to 19, and 15 to 19. Main results: the teenage pregnancy rate declined from 1994 to 1997, reflecting lower teenage birth and fetal loss rates.
Through this period the abortion rate remained stable, with the result that slightly more than half of all teenage pregnancies ended in abortion by 1997.