Teenage pregnancy scholarly articles
Peer review factors for teenage pregnancy are linked to many factors, including a family history of teenage pregnancy. This research examines whether a mother’s teenage childbearing or an older sister’s teenage pregnancy more strongly predicts teenage study used linkable administrative databases housed at the manitoba centre for health policy (mchp). Propensity score matching (1:2) was used to create balanced cohorts for two conditional logistic regression models; one examining the impact of an older sister’s teenage pregnancy and the other analyzing the effect of the mother’s teenage adjusted odds of becoming pregnant between ages 14 and 19 for teens with at least one older sister having a teenage pregnancy were 3. Times higher than for women whose older sister(s) did not have a teenage pregnancy. Times higher odds of pregnancy than those whose mothers had their first child after age 19. Educational achievement was adjusted for in a sub-population examining the odds of pregnancy between ages 16 and 19. After this adjustment, the odds of teenage pregnancy for teens with at least one older sister who had a teenage pregnancy were reduced to 2. Both were significant, the relationship between an older sister’s teenage pregnancy and a younger sister’s teenage pregnancy is much stronger than that between a mother’s teenage childbearing and a younger daughter’s teenage pregnancy. This study contributes to understanding of the broader topic “who is influential about what” within the dsteenage pregnancyfamilial influencesocial modellingintergenerational effectslinkable administrative oundthe risks and realities associated with teenage motherhood are well documented, with consequences starting at childbirth and following both mother and child over the life e births result in health consequences; children are more likely to be born pre-term, have lower birth weight, and higher neonatal mortality, while mothers experience greater rates of post-partum depression and are less likely to initiate breastfeeding [1, 2]. Teenage mothers are less likely to complete high school, are more likely to live in poverty, and have children who frequently experience health and developmental problems [3]. Understanding the risk factors for teenage pregnancy is a prerequisite for reducing rates of teenage motherhood. Various social and biological factors influence the odds of teenage pregnancy; these include exposure to adversity during childhood and adolescence, a family history of teenage pregnancy, conduct and attention problems, family instability, and low educational achievement [4, 5]. And older sisters are the main sources of family influence on teenage pregnancy; this is due to both social risk and social influence. Family members both contribute to an individual’s attitudes and values around teenage pregnancy, and share social risks (such as poverty, ethnicity, and lack of opportunities) that influence the likelihood of teenage pregnancy [6, 7]. Having an older sister who was a teen mom significantly increases the risk of teenage childbearing in the younger sister and daughters of teenage mothers were significantly more likely to become teenage mothers themselves [8, 9]. Girls having both a mother and older sister who had teenage births experienced the highest odds of teenage pregnancy, with one study reporting an odds ratio of 5. Studies consistently indicate that girls with a familial history of teenage childbearing are at much higher risk of teenage pregnancy and childbearing themselves, but methodological complexities have resulted in inconsistent findings around “parent/child sexual communication and adolescent pregnancy risk” [10].
A review of family relationships and adolescent pregnancy risk found risk factors to include living in poor neighborhoods and families, having older siblings who were sexually active, and being a victim of sexual abuse [10]. Research around the impact of sister’s teenage pregnancy has been limited to mostly qualitative studies using small samples of minority adolescents in the united states [5, 11]. Our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the impact of an older sister’s teenage pregnancy on the odds of her younger sister having a teenage pregnancy, and compared this effect with the direct effect of having a mother who bore her first child before age 20. By controlling for a variety of social and biological factors (such as neighborhood socioeconomic status, marital status of mother, residential mobility, family structure changes, and mental health), and the use of a strong statistical design—propensity score matching with a large population-based dataset—this study aims to determine whether teenage pregnancy is more strongly predicted by having an older sister who had a teenage pregnancy or by having a mother who bore her first child before age setting of this study, manitoba, is generally representative of canada as a whole, ranking in the middle for several health and education indicators [12, 13]. Teenage pregnancy rates in manitoba exceed the national; in 2010 teenage pregnancy rates in canada were 28. The manitoba teen pregnancy rates in 2010 were slightly lower than rates in england and wales (54. In this study, teenage pregnancies are defined as those between the ages of 14 and 19; pregnancies prior to age 14 were excluded due to low numbers and for comparability to other studies. For this reason, families in which at least one sister had a pregnancy before age 14 were removed (34 families). At age 14, just over 85 % of girls in this cohort were living in the same postal code as at least one older e pregnancy was defined as having at least one pregnancy between the ages of 14 and 19 (inclusive). A pregnancy is defined as having at least one hospitalization of with a live birth, missed abortion, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, or intrauterine death, or at least one hospital procedure of surgical termination of pregnancy, surgical removal of ectopic pregnancy, pharmacological termination or pregnancy or intervention during labour and delivery. Pregnancy status was determined by icd-9-cm codes (for diagnoses before april 1, 2004), icd-10-ca codes (for diagnoses on or after april 1, 2004), and canadian classification of health intervention (cci) codes in the hospital discharge abstract database [24]. Appendix 1 presents specific codes used to determine pregnancy independent variables of interest were whether an individual had an older sister with a teenage pregnancy (defined for all sisters as described above) and whether an individual’s mother bore her first child before age on an extensive literature review and availability of information in the database, several key variables describing neighborhood, maternal, and individual characteristics were included [4, 25]. As some of the individuals in this cohort experience their first pregnancy before completing grade 9, this covariate is only appropriate for girls having their first pregnancy after their 16th birthday. Sensitivity testing was done with this population to determine how strongly educational achievement affected the odds of the variables of relationship between pregnancy during one’s teenage years and having an older sister who became pregnant during adolescence or having a mother who bore her first child as a teenager is confounded by many measured and unmeasured characteristics. Logistic regression models were used to calculate propensity scores for two responses—the predicted probability of having an older sister having a teenage pregnancy and the predicted probability of having a mother bearing her first child before age 20. For each model, we investigated the comparability of our two groups—those with and without an older sister having a teenage pregnancy, and those with and without a mother who bore her first child as a teenager—using two diagnostics. Covariate balance of older sister’s teenage pregnancy ng covariate balance of mother’ teenage mom ional logistic regression analysis of the matched cohorts examined the impact of an older sister’s teenage pregnancy and of a mother’s teenage childbearing on teenage pregnancy.
The lower limit of the 99 % confidence interval (selected to be more conservative) was used to determine the threshold unobserved covariates would have to reach to void the observed of older sister having a teenage 1 displays the descriptive statistics of the covariates and outcome variables. Teenage pregnancy rate among those not having an older sister with a teenage ates and outcomes (older sister having a teenage pregnancy). Teens with an older sister having a teenage pregnancy were also more likely to have been born to an unmarried mother and have a mother who herself was a teenage mother (43 % versus 14 %). At age 14, approximately 42 % of those whose older sister had a teenage pregnancy lived in rural mid/northern manitoba; only 22 % of those whose older sister did not have a teenage pregnancy lived in this region at age 14. Individuals with older sisters having teenage pregnancies were more likely to live in lower socioeconomic status neighborhood (higher sefi scores at age 14) with higher rates of residential mobility (68 % vs 59 %), family structure change (28 % vs 16 %), and mental health issues (19 % vs 16 %). Final conditional logistic regression model indicates the odds of becoming pregnant before age 20 for those having an older sister with a teenage pregnancy to be 3. Times greater than for girls whose older sister(s) did not have a teenage pregnancy (table 3). Teenage pregnancy rates among those whose mother bore her first child after age ates and outcomes (mother’s teenage childbearing). Thus, the impact of being born to a mother having her first child before age 20 on teenage pregnancy is much less than that of an older sisters’ teenage ratios for original and additional sister had a teenage pregnancy3. Ivity analysis and the confidence interval for the first model (examining the association between an older sister’s teenage pregnancy and a younger sister’s teenage pregnancy) ranging between 2. To attribute the higher rates of teenage pregnancy to unmeasured confounding rather than to an older sisters’ teen pregnancy status, that covariate would need to generate more than a 2. Fold increase in the odds of teenage pregnancy and be a near perfect predictor of teenage pregnancy. In the second model (assessing the association between a mother’s teenage childbearing and a younger sister’s teenage pregnancy), the 99 % confidence interval was 1. Unobserved covariates would need to produce a much smaller increase in odds of teen pregnancy to nullify this gh linkable administrative data have significant advantages, some important predictors are lacking. While having a teenage mother and becoming a teenage mother have both been linked to involvement with cfs, in 2001 less than two percent of children under age 18 were in care [38, 39]. After adjusting for educational achievement, the odds of teenage pregnancy for teens with at least one older sister who had a teenage pregnancy were reduced to 2. Rate differences of teenage pregnancy were similar for those whose older sister had a teenage pregnancy (40.
After propensity score matching on a series of variables, the odds of becoming pregnant for a teenager were much higher if her older sister had a teenage pregnancy than if her mother had been a teenage mother. For both older sisters’ teenage pregnancy and mother’s teenage childbearing, the odds in this study are lower than those reported elsewhere; this is likely due to the larger sample size, more rigorous methods, and inclusion of important l examinations of family histories in the literature show older sisters to have the greatest influence on a younger sister’s odds of having a teenage pregnancy. Controlling for family socioeconomic status, maternal parenting, and sibling relationships, teens with an older sister who had a teenage birth were 4. Four older studies estimated the rate of teen pregnancy to be between 2 and 6 times higher for those with older sisters having a teenage pregnancy [41]. None of the previous studies examining the impact of an older sister’s teenage pregnancy controlled for mother’s teenage childbearing or time-varying factors before age 14 (mental health, residential mobility, family structure changes); this research probably overestimated the relationship between sisters’ teenage pregnancy mechanisms driving the relationship between an older sister’s teenage pregnancy and the pregnancy of a younger adolescent sister have been examined through approaches based on social learning theory, shared parenting influences, and shared societal risk [41]. When sisters live in the same environment, seeing an older sister go through a teenage pregnancy and childbirth may make this a more acceptable option for the younger sister [11]. Not only do both sisters have the same maternal influence that may affect their odds of teenage pregnancy, having an older sister who is a teenage mother may change the parenting style of the mother. Mothers involved in parenting of their teenage daughters’ child may have “supervised their children less, communicated with their children less about sex and contraception, and perceived teenage sex as more acceptable when the older daughter’s status changed from pregnant to parenting” [42]. Finally, both sisters share the same social risks, such as poverty, ethnicity, and lack of opportunities, that increase their chances of having a teenage pregnancy [42]. A mother bearing her first child before age 20 was a significant predictor for teenage pregnancy. We found daughters of teenage mothers to be 51 % more likely to have a teenage pregnancy than those whose mothers were older than 19 when they bore their first child. This is quite close to the 66 % increase found by meade et al (2008), who controlled for many of the same variables except having an older sister with a teenage pregnancy, and the time-varying covariates of family structure change, mental health conditions, and residential mobility. Indicating a 34 % increase in teenage enerational teenage pregnancy may be influenced by such mechanisms as “biological heritability, intergenerational transmission of values regarding family, the mother’s level of fertility, the indirect impact of socioeconomic and family environment through educational deficits or low opportunity or aspirations, and directly through the mother’s role modeling” [43]. Another mechanism identified as contributing to intergenerational teenage pregnancy is that daughters of teenage mothers have an increased internalized preference for early motherhood, have low levels of maternal monitoring, and are thus more likely to become sexually active at a young age and engage in unprotected sex [44]. The influence of a mother’s teenage pregnancy therefore works through the environment created and parenting style assumed as a result of a mother’s teenage use of administrative data to conduct health services research has some significant advantages and limitations. Although the number of teenage girls involved with cfs is relatively small, they may not be interacting with their mother or older sister on a regular basis and thus are less likely to model themselves after their family members. To account for the impact of educational achievement in our full cohort, educational outcomes would need to be available for everyone for grade 7 at the latest (as almost all teenage pregnancies occur after grade 7).
Additionally, we were unable to identify aboriginal individuals; this is a limitation as teenage pregnancy rates are more than twice as high in the aboriginal population than in the general population [47]. The teenage pregnancy risk seen in younger sisters when older sisters had a teenage pregnancy appears based on the interaction with that sister and her child; the family environment experienced by the siblings is quite similar. Much of the pregnancy risk among teenage daughters of mothers bearing a child before age 20 seems likely to result from the adverse environment often associated with early childbearing. Given that an older sister’s teenage pregnancy has a greater impact than a mother’s teenage childbearing, social modelling may be a stronger risk factor for teenage pregnancy than living in an adverse ed clinical an classification of health and family ational classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical ational classification of diseases, 10th revision, with canadian expanded diagnostic ba centre for health conomic factor ledgementsthe results and conclusions are those of the authors and no official endorsement by the manitoba centre for health policy, manitoba health, active living and seniors, or other data providers is intended or should be inferred. Diagnosis e pregnancy is defined as females with a hospitalization with one of the following diagnoses (mchp, 2013):○ live birth: icd-9-cm code v27, icd-10-ca code z37. Icd-10-ca code , a hospitalization with one of the following procedures:○ surgical termination of pregnancy: icd-9-cm codes 69. Ment for educational account for the impact of educational achievement on teenage childbearing, the grade 9 achievement index was adjusted for in a sub-population of individuals who had not had a pregnancy prior to age 16 (fig. As educational achievement was measured using the grade 9 achievement index (which is based on average marks in all classes and the number of credits earned during the school year [31], individuals had to have at least finished grade 9 before becoming pregnant to use this variable as a ates and outcomes for older sister’s teenage pregnancy status e teenage pregnancy0. 463family structure sister’s teenage pregnancy propensity score matching, the final sample consisted of 1721 cases and 3442 controls (1:2). After matching, the t-statistics of all covariates fell within the non-significant region indicating balance in cases and ng covariate balance of older sister’s teenage pregnancy ates and outcomes for mother’s teenage childbearing e teenage pregnancy0. 448family structure 's teenage childbearing propensity score matching, the final sample consisted of 1499 cases and 2998 controls (1:2). After matching, the t-statistics of all covariates fell within the non-significant region indicating balance in cases and ng covariate balance of mother’ teenage mom s’ affiliations(1)manitoba centre for health policy, department of community health sciences, faculty of health sciences, college of medicine, university of , zotero, reference manager, refworks (. This article teenage uctiongeneral overviewstextbooks and chapters in textbooksreference booksarticlesanthologiesjournalsphilosophiesdemographics and statisticsadolescent sexual and reproductive healthprotective factorsrisk factorspregnancy prevention programsabortionglobal d articles related articles close cence and poverty, rights, and en's social n american studiesafrican studiesamerican literatureanthropologyart historyatlantic historybiblical studiesbritish and irish literaturebuddhismchinese studiescinema and media studiesclassicscommunicationcriminologyecologyeducationenvironmental scienceevolutionary biologygeographyhinduisminternational lawinternational relationsislamic studiesjewish studieslatin american studieslatino studieslinguisticsliterary and critical theorymanagementmedieval studiesmilitary historymusicphilosophypolitical sciencepsychologypublic healthrenaissance and reformationsocial worksociologyvictorian more forthcoming articles... Obo/ the 1950s, teenage pregnancy has attracted a great deal of concern and attention from religious leaders, the general public, policymakers, and social scientists, particularly in the united states and other developed countries. The continuing apprehension about teenage pregnancy is based on the profound impact that teenage pregnancy can have on the lives of the girls and their children. Demographic studies continue to report that in developed countries such as the united states, teenage pregnancy results in lower educational attainment, increased rates of poverty, and worse “life outcomes” for children of teenage mothers compared to children of young adult women. The vast majority of teenage births in the united states occurs among girls between fifteen and nineteen years of age.
When being inclusive of all girls who can become pregnant and give birth, the term used is adolescent pregnancy, which describes the emotional and biological developmental stage called adolescence. Some authors and researchers argue that labeling teen pregnancy as a public health problem has little to do with public health and more to do with it being socially, culturally, and economically unacceptable. The objective is to cover the major issues related to teenage pregnancy and childbearing, and adolescent pregnancy and childbearing. Childbirth to teenage mothers in the united states peaked in the mid-1950s at approximately 100 births per 1,000 teenage girls. In 2010, the rate of live births to teenage mothers in the united states dropped to a low of 34 births per 1,000. In spite of this decline in teenage pregnancy over the years, approximately 820,000 (34 percent) of teenage girls in the united states become pregnant each year. These pregnancies and births suggest that the story of teenage pregnancy is not in the numbers of teen pregnancies and births but in the story of what causes the increase and decrease in the numbers. With the objective in mind to better understand teenage pregnancy, a general overview is provided as a broad background on teenage pregnancy. Citations are grouped under related topics that explicate the complexity of critical forces affecting teenage pregnancy. Topics that provide a global view of the variations in perception of and response to teenage pregnancy will also be covered in this cent pregnancy is a complex issue with many reasons for concern. Teenage pregnancy is a natural human occurrence that is a poor fit with modern society. On one philosophical side of the debate, political and religious leaders use cultural and moral norms to shape public opinion and promote public policy with the stated purpose of preventing teen pregnancy. Demographic studies by organizations like the alan guttmacher institute (alan guttmacher institute 2010) give a statistical description of teenage pregnancy in the united states. The number of teen pregnancies and the pregnancy outcomes are often used to support claims that teenage pregnancy is a serious social problem. The other side of this debate presented in publications by groups like the world health organization (world health organization 2004) reflects the medical professionals, public health professionals, and academicians who make a case for viewing teenage sexuality and pregnancy in terms of human development, health, and psychological needs. These two divergent views of teen pregnancy are represented in the united states by groups such as children’s aid society; healthy teen network; center for population options; advocates for youth; national campaign to prevent teen pregnancy; national organization on adolescent pregnancy, parenting, and prevention; state-level adolescent pregnancy prevention organizations; and other organizations that include teen pregnancy within their scope of interest and services. 2011 delineates other important aspects of teenage pregnancy (race, poverty, and religious influences) that help explain why teenage pregnancy is considered a problem in some circles.
The association between teenage pregnancy and social disadvantage, however, is not just found in the united states. 2006 and the authors of cherry and dillon 2014 provide a comprehensive overview of global teenage pregnancy. The best sources for research are professional journals and monographs from national and international health and development organizations focused on specific countries, regions, and global teenage pregnancy variations and guttmacher institute. Teenage pregnancies, births and abortions: national and state trends and trends by race and ethnicity. Mail citation »this report describes trends in teenage pregnancy, childbearing, and abortion in the united states. 978-1-4899-8026-7e-mail citation »in this edited volume, eight chapters deal with issues related to adolescent pregnancy, such as mental health; biological determinants; fatherhood; pregnancy among lesbian, gay, and bisexual teens; etc. Additionally, thirty-one chapters cover major variations in the way adolescent pregnancy is viewed from different countries around the , angela, ginny brunton, adam fletcher, and ann oakley. Mail citation »this is a review of interventions addressing social disadvantages associated with adolescent pregnancy in the united kingdom. Teenage pregnancy rates were 39 percent lower among teenagers receiving both early childhood intervention and youth development programs that address “dislike of school,” “poor material circumstances and unhappy childhood,” and “low expectations for the future. Mail citation »teenage pregnancy and parenting, especially at a young age, is typically viewed as personally and socially undesirable. The premise is that the physical and emotional health of teenagers has always been a complex issue and continues to challenge modern societies. Mail citation »this brief report shows the latest available statistical on teenage pregnancy in the united states. Mail citation »this report provides a broad overview of the influence and role of schools on teenage pregnancy. The impact of the school’s social, economic, and racial composition on teenage pregnancy rates among students is examined. Focusing on “age norms,” the authors answer the question, how do norms explain school pregnancy rates? Mail citation »this overview of global adolescent health, development, and pregnancy covers both developed and developing countries. Social indicators and statistics show the increase in teen pregnancy after world war ii and the surprising decline in the 1990s.
To other articles:Aboriginal , sociological perspectives cence and cent consent to medical on and on and fostering, history of ising and marketing, psychological approaches ising and marketing, sociocultural approaches n american children and -school hours and s, children ions, comic books, and pology of ology of ment in children and lia, history of adoption and fostering , medical model perspectives interest of the haeology of , children and scouts/girl st views of beauty ood and ood as en's views of , japan, and rights movement and cal world, children in s and costume, children'zation and world itiveness, children ital uctivist approaches to er culture, children ption, child and al approaches to children’s work and the concept of ... International organises 3000+ global conferenceseries events every year across usa, europe & asia with support from 1000 more scientific societies and publishes 700+ open access journals which contains over 50000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board t wise global ss & ceutical e pregnancy scholarly peer-review is defined as a pregnancy in females who have age below the age of 20. Teenage who are pregnant have to face many obstacles during pregnancy compared to general pregnant woman. The main role of teenage pregnancy is early marriage and excessive use of drug and alcohol rly peer review is the process of subjecting an author's scholarly work, research, or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field, before a paper describing this work is published in a journal.
