Thinking critically with psychological science answers
1 thinking critically with psychological science, myers 8e psychologyuploaded by mrchubsrelated interestsexperimentscientific methodpsychology & cognitive sciencestatisticsstatistical hypothesis testingrating and stats2. Ght: © all rights reserveddownload as pdf, txt or read online from scribdflag for inappropriate content1:chapter ng critically with psychological : answer guidelines for all chapter 1 questions begin on page r 1 explains the limits of intuition and common sense in reasoning about behavior and mental processes. To counteract our human tendency toward faulty reasoning, psychologists adopt a scientific attitude that is based on curiosity, skepticism, humility, and critical thinking. If you need to, review or reread the section in the textbook before need for psychological science (pp. If you do not know the meaning of any of the following words, phrases, or expressions in the context in which they appear in the introduction to this chapter and in this section, refer to pages 38–40 for an explanation: to remedy their own woes; winnow sense from nonsense; dresses it in jargon; bull’s eye; “out of sight, out of mind”; “absence makes the heart grow fonder”; familiarity breeds contempt; drop a course; lackluster predictions; hard-headed curiosity; leap of faith; the proof is in the pudding; auras; crazy-sounding ideas; arena of competing ideas; so much the worse for our ideas; “the rat is always right”; the spectacles of our preconceived ideas; gut feelings; debunked; “play the tape”; sift reality from r 1 thinking critically with psychological ive 1: define hindsight bias, and explain how it can make research findings seem like mere common sense. Our everyday thinking is also limited by in what we think we know, which occurs because of our to seek information that confirms our judgments. When merely thinking that one is receiving a treatment produces results, a is said to occur.
Critical thinking puzzles with answers
It is important to read the and note the to avoid being mislead by misrepresented take) into consideration information r 1 thinking critically with psychological ive 19: identify three principles of making generalizations from samples. As an example, researchers have found that people be the goals of the ethical guidelines for psychological le-choice questions circle your answers to the following questions and check them with the answers beginning on page 33. Questions scientific objectivity, arguing that most scientific concepts are merely psychological scientists (agree/disagree) on whether there is, in fact, a “real world” of psychological principles that science can reveal. Thinking critically) people who serve on juries in capital punishment cases (do/do not) represent the greater population. E median placebo effect hindsight bias mode range standard deviation scatterplot mean measures of central tendency measures of variation false consensus effect critical thinking illusory correlation. Answer the following questions after you thoroughly understand the correct answers for the section reviews and progress test 1. The american psychological association and the british psychological society have set strict guidelines for the care and treatment of human and animal subjects.
Animals are used in psychological research more often than they are killed by humane animal shelters. Your best friend criticizes psychological research for being artificial and having no relevance to behavior in real life. A friend majoring in anthropology is critical of psychological research because it often ignores the influence of culture on thoughts and actions. None of the above is r 1 thinking critically with psychological question elio has a theory that regular exercise can improve thinking. Hindsight bias critical thinking theory hypothesis operational definition replication case study survey false consensus effect population random sample naturalistic observation correlation scatterplot illusory correlation experiment double-blind procedure placebo effect experimental condition control condition random assignment independent variable dependent variable mode mean median range standard deviation statistical significance -check as you learned in the prologue, reviewing and overlearning of material are important to the learning process. When a research participant’s expectations produce the results of an experiment, it is called a s chapter need for psychological science 1. Hindsight bias; common; both children and adults after the fact overconfidence; bias equally wrong curiosity; skepticism; r 1 thinking critically with psychological science.
These answers would have been correct had the question stated that there is a positive correlation between shoe size and iq. These answers are incorrect because only by directly controlling the variables of interest can a researcher uncover cause-effect relationships. Some psychological theories go against what we consider common sense; furthermore, on many issues that psychology addresses, it’s far from clear what the “common sense” position is. These answers are incorrect because they involve aspects of the experiment other than the le-choice questions 1. There may, for example, be r 1 thinking critically with psychological causal relationship between the two factors themselves. Psychology is a science because psychologists use the scientific method and approach the study of behavior and mental processes with attitudes of curiosity, skepticism, and humility. Actually, psychological experiments tend to use the most readily available people, often white north american college students.
Although this may be true, psychological experiments remain important because they help explain underlying processes of human behavior everywhere. Critical thinking is careful reasoning that examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. Mental independent naturalistic operational critical thinking hindsight false consensus double-blind hypothesis correlation control on vocabulary and language page 19: . All science, including psychology, is guided by this realistic desire to know (curiosity) about nature and life. Some questions—about the existence of god or life after death, for example—cannot be answered by science and cannot be scientifically proved or disproved; if a person believes, then it is on the basis of trust and confidence alone (leap of faith). Critical thinking requires determining whether a conclusion is based simply on a subjective opinion (gut feeling) or anecdote (a story someone tells) or on reliable scientific evidence. This means to r 1 thinking critically with psychological r or credibility from established ideas, persons, and traditions.
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