Obsessive compulsive disorder research paper
People all around the world suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder no matter their gender, race, or culture. People who suffer from this disorder often have uncontrollable thoughts of worry and anxiety that lead to actions and behaviors that become repetitive habits. Washing and constant cleaning, an obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) abstract washing and constant cleaning, an obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd). Patients obsessively wash, check something or hoard things to relieve themselves of an overwhelming anxiety, and are fully aware their behavior is abnormal. This research studies a 23-year-old married woman who sought treatment for a severe washing and cleaning problem and how the patient was treated. One of the most widely spread disorders across the country these days is obsessive compulsive disorder, or otherwise known as ocd. Obsessive compulsive disorder falls in with the category of anxiety disorders, and is characterized by persistent routines and obsessions which often results in compulsive rituals done on a daily basis. Some common factors of having ocd is the need to arrange things, compulsive acts of hand washing, and even counting.... I wanted to research on the topic of obsessive compulsive disorders because of my great aunts experience with it. Introduction obsessive compulsive disorder (the fourth most prevalent psychiatric disorder), is an illness marked by the presence of either one or both of the criteria for having obsessive thoughts and repeating compulsive behaviors in order to repress the anxiety that the thoughts provoke. Furthermore, “obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with substantial direct and indirect costs, which are compounded by an absence of recognition, and by under diagnosis and inappropriate treatment” (stein, 2002).... Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that triggers people to have unwanted fixations and to repeat certain activities again and again.... Obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) is one of these disorders that is an issue in both anxiety and behavioral issues. Many studies have been conducted on ocd and show that it is a complex disorder with many different symptoms. There have been treatments and medications to help reduce the symptoms and help people to overcome the disorder.... One such disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd), typically manifests in men during the late teen years and in women during the early twenties. The mental disorder known as obsessive compulsive disorder affects over 6 million americans of all ages and genders. Obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) has noticeable symptoms in many people, but it can be treated. Obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) is an anxiety disorder which makes people has behaviors that they have to perform. It is an obsessive thought and they cannot ignore it, so they perform it until they feel safety the need. There are different ways to help treat obsessive-compulsive disorder whether it be by the use of medication or psychotherapy. Those who experience the compulsive behaviors associated with ocd report feeling as though they cannot stop or control the urge to perform the compulsive behavior and that the urge is alien or from out... Children with mental health illness’s have recieved insufficent attention particuarly in the the domains of research, practice and funding within health care services. As many childhood disorders were once believed to to dissipate as children aged, it is essential to acknowledge that these disorders, actually have a large effect on future development (fichter, kohlboeck, quadflieg, wyschkon and esser, 2009).... The obsessive compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that causes those who have it to perform rituals. This thought pattern led to him compulsively washing his hands, obsessively cleaning surfaces and doorknobs, and throwing out perfectly fine clothing due to fear of contamination.... Ocd signs and symptoms: compulsive behaviors common compulsive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) include: excessive double-checking of things, such as locks, appliances, and switches. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder which can afflict a person throughout his or her lifetime.
Research paper on ocd
Researchers have found that several parts of the brain are involved in fear and anxiety. Patient adherence predicts outcome from cognitive behavioral therapy in obsessive compulsive disorder this was an empirically based study conducted to explore the effect of patient adherence and treatment outcome.... Psychological assessments for obsessive compulsive disorder according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-iv-tr) published by the american psychiatric association, used by psychologists to classify mental disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder or ocd is defined by obsessions and compulsions that are time-consuming, uncontrollable, and interfere with the individual’s cognition and social development (apa, 2000). For the purpose of this paper the focus will be on psychological assessments used to assist in the diagnosis of ocd.... People who have obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) are preoccupied with certain distressing thoughts and feel compelled to perform certain behaviors. Ocd is a recognized mental disorder is a common one in society as a whole. There are many symptoms associated with this disorder as well as certain prevalence’s that are associated with it. This disorder also has various causes and treatment methods that go along with the disease as a whole. Symptoms: obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disease in which people have either a combination of obsessions and compulsions or each individually (britannica).... They also believe the gene is only half of the disorder on it’s own and that there must be a trigger (which can be stress, traumatic experiences, depression, etc) which would be outside of biological factors. Statistics have shown that both men and women are equally affected by obsessive compulsive disorder. Accompanying the endless unwanted thoughts, another major symptom of obsessive compulsive disorder is engaging in repeating rituals. Of the most common compulsions that people who suffer from this disorder is excessive washing of the hands and checking things (sirs, page 2).... It has been shown to be successful in treating ocd and it’s also effective for other anxiety disorders. The diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder there are many factors to consider in the evaluation and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd). This paper will discuss the strategies that have proven most effective in treating the disorder, including: drug therapy, cognitive therapy, and family-based therapy. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) has become an increasingly familiar disorder within the world of health and medicine.... Obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) is a mental disorder with episodes of recurring and persistent thoughts and compulsive behaviors that interfere with a person's daily life. These obsessive thoughts often cause the patient extreme fear and anxiety, and the compulsive, repetitive behaviors are performed to alleviate the distress and anxiety. These are just a few examples of how people may act who have obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd). First, i will discuss symptoms and diagnostic criteria that is in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm). This essay will cover what obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) is and how leisure education can be used to help these individuals who have been diagnosed with ocd. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder explained by cockerham as having both biological and psychological causes playing a role (2011). The disorder is often accompanied by two main features, the allpsych website states: key features of this disorder include obsessions (persistent, often irrational, and seemingly uncontrollable thoughts) and compulsions (actions which are used to neutralize the obsessions) (2011). In the journal article, understanding obsessive-compulsive disorder in students: symptoms and school-based interventions, they state, “common obsessions in children and adolescents include intrusive fears related to germs, contamination, harming oneself or others, and... The disorder is notable for making people consume themselves in orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency. There are a numerous amount of mental illnesses that are discovered all over the world; one of these illnesses is obsessive-compulsive disorder. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about.
Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, i will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. In order to fully understand ocd, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. The different symptoms, behaviors and means of treatment are also important aspects that will be discussed in order to develop a clearer understanding of the implications of obsessive compulsive disorder.... Obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) is a type of anxiety disorder that often begins in ones childhood. For example, one action that occurs is a compulsive behavior, which is something that a person must repeat over and over again. It is a mental disorder marked by the involvement of a devotion to an idea or routine. As the knowledge of this disorder becomes more prevalent, those suffering have become more willing to seek help (ocda). Introduction i want to write about obsessive-compulsive disorder because it is a very important thing in the life of humans that is present and that sometimes it is not taken care of or the people don't really know a lot about it. I wanted to know more about this topic, which is why i chose to write my paper on it. Analysis of a cleaning/contamination obsessive-compulsive disorder case this case paper is about lucinda, a 20-year old single female, who suffers from the cleaning/contamination obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) condition since she was very young. Obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million americans, and half a million children. Through out the rest of this paper i hope to inform you on obsessive compulsive disorders.... Very few people fully understand the implications of obsessive compulsive disorder and social phobias, but experts lead the way in making sense of these disorders. Another implication that a lot of people don’t know or care to consider is whether or not these disorders are highly associated with violence. Nature of the disability obsessive-compulsive disorder, also known as ocd, is an anxiety disorder which, “traps people in endless cycles of repetitive thoughts and behaviors” (webmd, 2009). Anxiety disorders can not only affect a person’s mental, but also their physical behavior (hallahan, 267). Persons typically engage in some avoidance or escape response in reaction to the obsessive threat (i typically refer to the obsessive threat as a "spike. Obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the u. This is a serious mental disorder that causes people to think and act certain things repetitively in order to calm the anxiety produced by a certain fear. Unlike compulsive drinking or gambling, ocd compulsions do not give the person pleasure; rather, the rituals are performed to obtain relief from the discomfort caused by obsessions (2).... Obsessive-compulsive disorder, also known as ocd, is a psychiatric anxiety disorder that is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts along with repetitive behaviors. Repetitive behaviors such as hand washing, checking, counting, and cleaning are usually performed with the hope of making these obsessive thoughts go away or even preventing them. The concept can be better understood through the example of a woman observed by researcher and psychiatrist fraser kent. According to factor analytic research, oc symptoms have been linked to three main dimensions of dysfunctional beliefs: the over importance of and need to control thoughts (ict), perfectionism and the intolerance of uncertainty (pc), and the inflated responsibility and overestimation of threats (rt). Obsessive compulsive disorder or ocd for short, has affected numerous people; one being jeff bell, the author of the book rewind, replay, repeat: a memoir of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The book is a reflection of bell’s life and how he has coped while living with obsessive-compulsive disorder.... Obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) is an anxiety disorder that affects a person’s thoughts and behaviors.
Introduction eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, have been hypothesized to have a relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, there remains a great amount of evidence in favor that anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder share more similarities than bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder. The implications of integrating eating disorders with obsessive-compulsive disorder to create a "family" of disorders called obsessive compulsive spectrum disorder will be discussed.... Obsessions are the unpleasant thoughts or impulses that cause the person with the disorder to have lots of anxiety and edginess.... Anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive disorder anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder often found in young adolescent women, that has been characterized by a distorted attitude towards weight and body image, a set of behaviors calculated to produce weight loss and other physiological and psychological symptoms. Psychological symptoms include an obsessive pursuit of thinness, along with obvious body preoccupation, and an incessant rumination about food.... Obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) is a mental health disorder which involves performing compulsions in response to certain obsessions. Anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive disorder it has long been recognized that there are similarities between obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) and anorexia nervosa. Many patients of both diseases report intrusive, fearful thoughts, a compulsive need to perform rituals, and an obsession with maintaining these rituals. This essay will introduce some similarities and differences between both symptoms and experiences of six different authors who have been personally affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd). Since ocd is not very well understood by many members of the public ("escape"), i hope that the experiences of the authors that i researched will be able to paint a vivid picture of what life with ocd is like. When it comes to ocd there are many things that the general public ignores, thus there are many misconceptions about the disorder. It affects men, women, and children, as well as people of all races, religions, and socioeconomic is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms that can include powerful, unwanted, or recurrent thoughts and/or compulsive, repetitive behaviors. Many researchers found that, in twin studies, monozygotic twins were more concordant with ocd than dizygotic twins were.... Since this disorder was not recognized by the dsm-iv until 1987, many theorists back then did not have real evidence of what caused this disorder. The patient thabo in the case study may be diagnosed with having bipolar i with a comorbidity of obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd). This would then lead to the differential diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder and substance abuse disorder, which will then facilitate the discussion of why thabo is diagnosed with bipolar i with comorbidity ocd.... Identifying, assessing, and treating obsessive compulsive disorder in school-aged children: the role of school personnel. Pmc3782190obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence-based treatments and future directions for researchcaleb w lackcaleb w lack, department of psychology, university of central oklahoma, edmond, ok 73034, united statesauthor contributions: caleb w lack solely contributed to this pondence to: caleb w lack, phd, assistant professor, department of psychology, university of central oklahoma, edmond, ok 73034, united states. All rights article has been cited by other articles in ctover the past three decades, obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) has moved from an almost untreatable, life-long psychiatric disorder to a highly manageable one. This is a very welcome change to the 1%-3% of children and adults with this disorder as, thanks to advances in both pharmacological and psychological therapies, prognosis for those afflicted with ocd is quite good in the long term, even though most have comorbid disorders that are also problematic. These are primarily focused on (1) increased dissemination of effective therapies; (2) augmentation of treatments for those with residual symptoms, both for psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy; and (3) the impact of comorbid disorders on treatment ds: obsessive-compulsive disorder, evidence-based psychological practice, cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychopharmacologyintroductionthirty years ago, being diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) was about the closest thing the psychiatric world had to being given a life sentence. There is strong evidence that cultural differences do not play a prominent role in presence of ocd[11,12], with research showing few epidemiological differences across different countries[13-15] and even between european and asian populations[16]. Ocd is equally present in males and females in adulthood, the disorder is heavily male in pediatric patients[21]. Among men, hoarding symptoms are most often associated with gad and tic disorders, but in women social anxiety, ptsd, body dysmorphic disorder, nail biting, and skin picking are more often observed[8,23]. The most common in pediatric cases are adhd, disruptive behavior disorders, major depression, and other anxiety disorders[27]. Primary symmetry/ordering symptoms are often seen with comorbid tics, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia, while those with contamination/cleaning symptoms are more likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder. Those with hoarding cluster symptoms, on the other hand are especially likely to be diagnosed with personality disorders, particularly cluster c all adults and children with ocd report that their obsessions cause them significant distress and anxiety and that they are more frequent as opposed to similar, intrusive thoughts in persons without ocd[31].
When compared to other anxiety disorders and unipolar mood disorders, a person with ocd is less likely to be married, more likely to be unemployed, and more likely to report impaired social and occupational functioning[34]. Supported treatmentsthere are both pharmacological and psychological treatments for ocd that are supported by research evidence[35-38]. Directions for researchalthough the treatment of ocd is remarkably advanced compared to 30 years ago, there are a number of areas where improvements can be made. Although a substantial body of literature has shown that for most anxiety disorders comorbidity does not diminish the impact of treatment (see for a review[67]), research on ocd is mixed. As such, both more research on how certain comorbidity patterns impact treatment and the most optimal therapeutic methods to address the differential patterns should be conducted[70]. This may sound trite, there is truly not a better time in history to have ocd than the present, given the multiple effective pharmacological agents, the presence of a very effective psychological therapy, and an ever-increasing understanding of the disorder itself. Above, i have outlined several potential avenues of research and how they will benefit those who continue to suffer from ocd despite the advances of the last 30 years. With the continued efforts of clinicians and researchers the world over, the next 30 years should see a further explosion in our ability to decrease symptomatology and increase the qol of those with this fascinating tespeer reviewer: feryal cam celikel, md, associate professor of psychiatry, gaziosmanpasa university school of medicine, 60100 tokat, turkeys- editor wang jl l- editor a e- editor zheng xmreferences1. Trans-cultural aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a description of a brazilian sample and a systematic review of international clinical studies. Obsessive-compulsive disorder among african americans and blacks of caribbean descent: results from the national survey of american life. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence, comorbidity, impact, and help-seeking in the british national psychiatric morbidity survey of 2000. Functional impairment in childhood ocd: development and psychometrics properties of the child obsessive-compulsive impact scale-revised (cois-r) j clin child adolesc psychol. Quality of life in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: base rates, parent-child agreement, and clinical correlates. Functional impairment in clinical samples of norwegian and swedish children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. A long-term trial of the effectiveness and safety of atypical antipsychotic agents in augmenting ssri-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cognitive-behavior therapy, sertraline, and their combination for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: the pediatric ocd treatment study (pots) randomized controlled trial. Intensive cognitive behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder: a treatment protocol for mental health providers. Group versus individual cognitive treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: changes in non-ocd symptoms and cognitions at post-treatment and one-year follow-up. Effects of axis i and ii comorbidity on behavior therapy outcome for obsessive-compulsive disorder and agoraphobia. Just say no: sequential parent management training and cognitive-behavioral therapy for a child with comorbid disruptive behavior and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy plus motivational interviewing improves outcome for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary study. Pmc free article] [pubmed]articles from world journal of psychiatry are provided here courtesy of baishideng publishing group s:article | pubreader | epub (beta) | pdf (583k) | paper reflects the research and thoughts of a student at the time the paper was written for a course at bryn mawr college. Web links as of the time the paper was posted but are not bute thoughts |. Serendip for other papers | serendip home y 2022002 third paperon serendipobsessive compulsive disorder: what it is, cause and treatment tina washing your hands? These questions will be answered throughout the is an anxiety disorder that is described as someone with obsessive thoughts and/or compulsive behavior. Even though people with ocd know that their fears are unwarranted, many try to rid themselves of these unwanted, obsessive thoughts and to stop performing their compulsive behaviors. Although ocd can consume one's life, people try to keep their disorder from their friends rather than to seek help.
Need to diagnose ocd early leads to the question of whether or not ocd is an inherited disorder. However, research has found that it is possible that genes do, in fact, have a role in the development of ocd. Due to the nature of ocd, the child may inherit the disorder but not the symptoms. It is not known whether ocd is inherited, there are several possibilities that researchers think are the cause. This evidence is that when the cingulum is surgically severed, the result is that people with ocd are cured of the disorder. 6) what researchers believe is that ocd is caused by problems in communication between the frontal lobe and basal ganglia. With this disorder, a person can become obsessed with something like germs which leads to compulsive hand washing, as a mild example. Us your comments at day, 22-may-2002 15:30:22 paper reflects the research and thoughts of a student at the time the paper was written for a course at bryn mawr college. Us your comments at day, 22-may-2002 15:30:22 ing obsessive compulsive logy research & you are seeking help in this area, please let one of our therapists know. Theravive has thousands of licensed counselors available to right following article may have multiple collaborators and thus, parts of it may not represent the official positions of ive-compulsive disorder is a very real and very disrupting anxiety disorder. This paper will discuss the symptoms of ocd as well as the criteria for diagnosis. The medical professional and/or mental health professional plays a vital role in this all the anxiety disorders recognized by the dsm, obsessive-compulsive disorder is perhaps one of the most diagnosed anxiety disorders. This article will discuss exactly what obsessive-compulsive disorder is, the symptoms of the disorder, and the history of ocd. Anxiety disorders are common types of mental health conditions and according to the national institute of mental health, at least 18% of adults in america have some type of anxiety disorder. While obsessive thoughts are a large part of the disorder, this is not a thought disorder. The compulsive part is the need (compulsion) to perform a particular ritual(s) over and over again. Though the rational part of the suffer knows that things will be okay, this give very little relief from the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive this disorder deals with both obsessions and compulsions, there are many symptoms connected to ocd and they vary from person to person. Out of the ordinary sexual of obsessive symptoms may include the following:• fear of touching things that others have touched due to germ phobia. Skin problems from picking at scabs or dead compulsion part of this disorder has its own set of symptoms that combine with the obsessive symptoms to make ocd. Needing to be organized and orderly at all of compulsive symptoms may be:• checking doors repeatedly to ensure they are locked. After addressing this information, the next question is what causes obsessive-compulsive causes obsessive-compulsive causes of ocd are still largely unknown. Biological theory is based on the thinking that this disorder may be caused by changes in the bodies’ chemistry and or brain functions. The thinking behind this is that “an insufficient level of serotonin, one of your brain's chemical messengers, may contribute to obsessive-compulsive disorder. While this has not yet been proven to be a solid cause of ocd, research has shown that people with ocd that take medication containing serotonin experience improvement in their ch has identified some risk factors that put a person in danger of developing obsessive-compulsive disorder; stressful events in life and family history. If a parent has ocd the chances of the child having it are more increased than if the parent did not have this disorder. This reaction may, for some reason, trigger the intrusive thoughts, rituals and emotional distress characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder. An overall poor quality of of these can further complicate the existing condition of obsessive-compulsive disorder. If these, in addition to the symptoms, impact life to the point that the ocd has taken over, it may be beneficial to seek medical attention for this sing and treating does one know when it is time to see a professional about their obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Before the appointment, the doctor may ask for the patient to keep a journal and write down whenever they have obsessive or compulsive feelings and what they do when these feelings come. Other illnesses that are similar in nature are depression, schizophrenia, and a plethora of other mental illnesses/disorders. The doctor will decide which treatment is best and often both medication and therapy are used together in order to get the optimal type of therapy that is widely used for obsessive-compulsive disorder is cbt (cognitive behavioral therapy). Because these treatments haven't been thoroughly tested for use in obsessive-compulsive disorder, make sure you understand all the pros and cons and possible health risks. This is not disorder one has to deal with on their own; there are treatment options available.