Ethical standards in writing related literature
Bylawsgovernance gic planplanning n and scientific & racial ational & t & early career sity-based child and family policy l standards in to other out usethical standards in d by the srcd governing council, march principles listed below were published in the 1990-91 directory, except for principles 15 and 16, first published in the fall 1991 ple 1. Conceivably, such research can be carried out ethically if it is conducted in public places, participants' anonymity is totally protected, and there are no foreseeable negative consequences to the participant. However, judgments on whether such research is ethical in particular circumstances should be made in consultation with an institutional review ple 3. Deception: although full disclosure of information during the procedure of obtaining consent is the ethical ideal, a particular study may necessitate withholding certain information or deception. This principle, however, in no way denies investigators the right to pursue any area of research or the right to observe proper standards of scientific ple 15. It shall be the responsibility of the voting members of governing council to reach a decision about the possible expulsion of members found guilty of personal ance & bylawsgovernance gic planplanning n and scientific & racial ational & t & early career sity-based child and family policy l standards in to other line button, which as you can see has several ncbi web site requires javascript to tionresourceshow toabout ncbi accesskeysmy ncbisign in to ncbisign l listlung indiav. 2); apr-jun s:article | pubreader | epub (beta) | printer friendly | on: pautasso m (2013) ten simple rules for writing a literature review.
What are the ethical standards in writing related literature
Thus, it is both advantageous and necessary to rely on regular summaries of the recent literature. Although recognition for scientists mainly comes from primary research, timely literature reviews can lead to new synthetic insights and are often widely read [4]. That is why researchers who have spent their career working on a certain research issue are in a perfect position to review that literature. Some graduate schools are now offering courses in reviewing the literature, given that most research students start their project by producing an overview of what has already been done on their research issue [6]. However, it is likely that most scientists have not thought in detail about how to approach and carry out a literature ing the literature requires the ability to juggle multiple tasks, from finding and evaluating relevant material to synthesising information from various sources, from critical thinking to paraphrasing, evaluating, and citation skills [7]. In this contribution, i share ten simple rules i learned working on about 25 literature reviews as a phd and postdoctoral student. There are so many issues in contemporary science that you could spend a lifetime of attending conferences and reading the literature just pondering what to review.
On the other hand, only a well-considered topic is likely to lead to a brilliant literature review [8]. The topic must at least be:Interesting to you (ideally, you should have come across a series of recent papers related to your line of work that call for a critical summary),An important aspect of the field (so that many readers will be interested in the review and there will be enough material to write it), and. 2: search and re-search the literatureafter having chosen your topic and audience, start by checking the literature and downloading relevant papers. Mendeley, papers, qiqqa, sente),Define early in the process some criteria for exclusion of irrelevant papers (these criteria can then be described in the review to help define its scope), not just look for research papers in the area you wish to review, but also seek previous chances are high that someone will already have published a literature review (figure 1), if not exactly on the issue you are planning to tackle, at least on a related topic. If there are already a few or several reviews of the literature on your issue, my advice is not to give up, but to carry on with your own literature review,Figure 1. A conceptual diagram of the need for different types of literature reviews depending on the amount of published research papers and literature bottom-right situation (many literature reviews but few research papers) is not just a theoretical situation; it applies, for example, to the study of the impacts of climate change on plant diseases, where there appear to be more literature reviews than research studies [33]. In your review the approaches, limitations, and conclusions of past reviews,Trying to find a new angle that has not been covered adequately in the previous reviews, orating new material that has inevitably accumulated since their searching the literature for pertinent papers and reviews, the usual rules apply:Use different keywords and database sources (e.
Dblp, google scholar, isi proceedings, jstor search, medline, scopus, web of science), at who has cited past relevant papers and book 3: take notes while readingif you read the papers first, and only afterwards start writing the review, you will need a very good memory to remember who wrote what, and what your impressions and associations were while reading each single paper. My advice is, while reading, to start writing down interesting pieces of information, insights about how to organize the review, and thoughts on what to write. This way, by the time you have read the literature you selected, you will already have a rough draft of the course, this draft will still need much rewriting, restructuring, and rethinking to obtain a text with a coherent argument [11], but you will have avoided the danger posed by staring at a blank document. Be careful when taking notes to use quotation marks if you are provisionally copying verbatim from the literature. Using referencing software from the very beginning of your endeavour will save you 4: choose the type of review you wish to writeafter having taken notes while reading the literature, you will have a rough idea of the amount of material available for the review. If you are writing a review on, for example, how epidemiological approaches are used in modelling the spread of ideas, you may be inclined to include material from both parent fields, epidemiology and the study of cultural diffusion. This square may be circled by discussing the wider implications of the reviewed topic for other 6: be critical and consistentreviewing the literature is not stamp collecting.
A good review does not just summarize the literature, but discusses it critically, identifies methodological problems, and points out research gaps [19]. After having read a review of the literature, a reader should have a rough idea of:The major achievements in the reviewed field,The main areas of debate, outstanding research is challenging to achieve a successful review on all these fronts. If your journal club has exactly this sort of team, then you should definitely write a review of the literature! In addition to critical thinking, a literature review needs consistency, for example in the choice of passive vs. For systematic reviews, there is a trend towards including information about how the literature was searched (database, keywords, time limits) [20]. This is the case not just at the writing stage, but also for readers if the diagram is included in the review as a figure. 8: make use of feedbackreviews of the literature are normally peer-reviewed in the same way as research papers, and rightly so [23].
It is however advisable to reread the draft one more time before submission, as a last-minute correction of typos, leaps, and muddled sentences may enable the reviewers to focus on providing advice on the content rather than the ck is vital to writing a good review, and should be sought from a variety of colleagues, so as to obtain a diversity of views on the draft. A diversity of feedback perspectives on a literature review can help identify where the consensus view stands in the landscape of the current scientific understanding of an issue [24]. 9: include your own relevant research, but be objectivein many cases, reviewers of the literature will have published studies relevant to the review they are writing. However, bias could also occur in the other direction: some scientists may be unduly dismissive of their own achievements, so that they will tend to downplay their contribution (if any) to a field when reviewing general, a review of the literature should neither be a public relations brochure nor an exercise in competitive self-denial. In reviews written by multiple authors, this may be achieved by assigning the review of the results of a coauthor to different 10: be up-to-date, but do not forget older studiesgiven the progressive acceleration in the publication of scientific papers, today's reviews of the literature need awareness not just of the overall direction and achievements of a field of inquiry, but also of the latest studies, so as not to become out-of-date before they have been published. Ideally, a literature review should not identify as a major research gap an issue that has just been addressed in a series of papers in press (the same applies, of course, to older, overlooked studies (“sleeping beauties” [26])). This implies that literature reviewers would do well to keep an eye on electronic lists of papers in press, given that it can take months before these appear in scientific databases.
Some reviews declare that they have scanned the literature up to a certain point in time, but given that peer review can be a rather lengthy process, a full search for newly appeared literature at the revision stage may be worthwhile. Assessing the contribution of papers that have just appeared is particularly challenging, because there is little perspective with which to gauge their significance and impact on further research and ably, new papers on the reviewed topic (including independently written literature reviews) will appear from all quarters after the review has been published, so that there may soon be the need for an updated review. Lab invest 87: 1174– dn, beile p (2005) scholars before researchers: on the centrality of the dissertation literature review in research preparation. Methods ecol evol 2: 238– la, tannery nh, kanter sl (2011) reproducibility of literature search reporting in medical education reviews. Human res develop rev 4: 356– csg, na jc, jaidka k (2011) analysis of the macro-level discourse structure of literature reviews. J informetr 5: 14–ll r, daly w (2001) strategies for the construction of a critical review of the literature. For your articles practice considerations in writing a literature campus: take back your time day at central -analysis: the story of a to search : kathy black, ture reviews are ubiquitous in academic journals, scholarly reports, and social work education.
Students taking social work courses throughout the curriculum, including human behavior and the social environment, practice, policy, and research classes, are frequently asked to write literature reviews for a variety of reasons. Literature reviews are often done within the context of writing a paper and sometimes done as a mini-assignment, perhaps setting the frame for a broader paper, exposing students to the breadth of information available on a topic area, or demonstrating skills in critical thinking and writing ability. This article will briefly outline key points for you to keep in mind when writing literature reviews for social begin with, you will need to ascertain the purpose of the literature review. At the very least, be aware of the purpose, scope, and length of the literature review, as well as the writing requirements. You should also be familiar with required writing styles, such as american psychological association (apa), and other expectations, such as double spacing, font size, and so forth. Once purpose, scope, length, and writing expectations are ascertained, you can embark on conducting your search for ing for literature is quite easy these days. Today, much information is available electronically, and you can obtain literature just about anytime and anywhere.
It is exhilarating to be exposed to information and the dynamic process whereby links are availed that can connect you with key authors and related works and other cited references. You should be aware that a literature review is not an annotated bibliography, or a simple write-up of a few statements or so describing the information in each journal article. Likewise, the literature review is not simply a series of paragraphs describing each source separately. A good literature review involves a higher level of integrating the information, yielding a more comprehensive analysis of the should begin by reading each article and starting to categorize the areas or subtopics that each covers. For example, in doing a literature review about elder abuse, retrieved articles may have focused on different types of abuse, attributes of abused elders, or attributes of perpetrators of abuse to older people. You can largely focus your searching to pre-determine the subtopics in which you will structure your writing. However, that may depend on your previous knowledge of the area and availability of literature on the topic of interest.
You should structure the written review with a topic sentence and paragraph highlighting the general importance of the literature, setting the stage for the rest of the g should flow and combine the findings of several sources, reinforcing the importance of each subtopic area. The following illustrates a common approach to reviewing literature:In one study, over 900,000 elders were found to have evidence of physical abuse (author, year). In your literature review, you should not only emphasize the findings, but also comment on the quality and importance of research presented. Answers to the following questions reflect critical analysis of the literature and demonstrate skills in integrating content on a variety of levels:What is the research problem addressed in this article? Consult the publication manual of the american psychological association, or other appropriate style guide, for the correct procedures for citing and listing references for your literature ts able to effectively search, assess, synthesize, and properly write a literature review are well on the way to receiving a good grade for their efforts. The skill is transferable to students pursuing practice careers and particularly beneficial to students considering master’s and doctoral level all cases, conducting and writing a good literature review is both personally and professionally satisfying, as it advances knowledge—for ourselves and for our black, ph.
